Abstract
In 1564 the Spanish Crown appointed a President of New Granada, which included the territories of Colombia, Panama and Venezuela. In 1718 a viceroyalty of New Granada was created. This viceroyalty gained its independence from Spain in 1819, and together with the present territories of Panama, Venezuela and Ecuador was officially constituted as the state of ‘Greater Colombia’. This new state lasted only until 1830 when it split up into Venezuela, Ecuador and the republic of New Granada, later renamed Estados Unidos de Colombia. The constitution of 5 Aug. 1886, forming the Republic of Colombia, abolished the sovereignty of the states, converting them into departments with governors appointed by the President of the Republic. The department of Panama, however, became an independent country in 1903. Conservatives and Liberals fought a civil war from 1948 to 1957 (La Violencia) during which some 300,000 people were killed. Subsequently, powerful drugs lords have made violence endemic. Two Marxist guerrilla forces are active, the Colombian Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC), and the smaller National Liberation Army (ELN). They are opposed by a well-armed paramilitary organization which emerged after the setting up of rural self-defence groups.
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Further Reading
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística. Boletín de Estadística. Monthly.
Dudley, Steven, Walking Ghosts: Murder and Guerrilla Politics in Colombia. Routledge, London, 2004
Hylton, Forrest, Evil Hour in Colombia. Verso Books, London, 2006
Palacios, Marco, Between Legitimacy and Violence: A History of Colombia, 1875–2002. Duke Univ. Press, 2006
Thorp, R., Economic Management and Economic Development in Peru and Colombia. London, 1991
National Statistical Office: Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE), AA 80043, Zona Postal 611, Bogotá.
Website (Spanish only): http://www.dane.gov.co/
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© 2008 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Turner, B. (2008). Colombia. In: Turner, B. (eds) The Statesman’s Yearbook. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_146
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_146
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
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