Abstract
Origin. On 4 April 1949 the foreign ministers of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the UK and the USA signed the North Atlantic Treaty, establishing the North Atlantic Alliance. In 1952 Greece and Turkey acceded to the Treaty; in 1955 the Federal Republic of Germany; in 1982 Spain; in 1999 the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland; in 2004 Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia; and in 2009 Albania and Croatia, bringing the total to 28 member countries.
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Further Reading
Cook, D., The Forging of an Alliance. 1989
Cottey, Andrew, Security in 21st Century Europe. 2nd ed. 2012
Edström, Håkan and Gyllensporre, Dennis, (eds.) Pursuing Strategy: NATO Operations from the Gulf War to Gaddafi. 2012
Hallams, Ellen, Ratti, Luca and Zyla, Ben, (eds.) NATO Beyond 9/11: The Transformation of the Atlantic Alliance. 2013
Heller, F. H. and Gillingham, J. R. (eds.) NATO: the Founding of the Atlantic Alliance and the Integration of Europe. 1992
Sloan, Stanley R., Permanent Alliance?: NATO and the Transatlantic Bargain from Truman to Obama. 2010
Smith, J. (ed.) The Origins of NATO. 1990
Webber, Mark, Sperling, James and Smith, Martin A., NATO’s Post-Cold War Trajectory: Decline or Regeneration? 2012
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Turner, B. (2014). North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). In: Turner, B. (eds) The Statesman’s Yearbook. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_52
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_52
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