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Conscience, Conscience, Consciousness

Emmanuel Levinas, the Holocaust and the Logic of Witness

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Remembering for the Future
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Abstract

What is the difference between consciousness and conscience? The first, we say, is a matter of perception or awareness. In philosophy, for example, I am a subject of consciousness before an object of knowledge. The second is a matter of moral authority, the degree to which I am constrained or governed by a voice which speaks to me of what I should or should not do. In Freudian language (as opposed to Kantian language), the first would correspond to the scheme conscious, pre-conscious, unconscious, the second to the scheme id, ego, and supergo, where conscience would translate superego. In French, the same word, conscience, designates both.

Conscience n. f. Faculté qu’a l’homme de connaître sa propre réalité et de la juger; cette connaissance. I. Conscience psychologique. 1. Connaissance immédiate de sa propre activité psychique… Conscience de soi…II. (Conscience morale) 1. Faculté ou fait de porter des jugements de valeur morale sur ses actes. .Avoir de la conscience.

Le Petit Robert

La conscience de soi se surprend inévitablement au sein d’une conscience morale. Celle-ci ne s’ajoute pas à celle-là, mais en est le mode élémentaire. Etre pour soi, c’est déjà savoir ma faute commise à l’égard d’autrui. Mais le fait que je ne m’interroge pas sur le droit de l’autre indique paradoxalement qu’autrui n’est pas une réédition du moi; en sa qualité d’autrui, il se situe dans une dimension de hauteur, de l’idéal, du divin et, par ma relation avec autrui, je suis en rapport avec Dieu.

La relation morale réunit donc à la fois la conscience de soi et la conscience de Dieu. L’éthique n’est pas le corollaire de la vision de Dieu, elle est cette vision même. L’éthique est une optique. De sorte que tout ce que je sais de Dieu et tout ce que je peux entendre de Sa parole et Lui dire raisonnablement, doit trouver une expression éthique.

Levinas, ‘Une religion d’adultes’

Dieu qui se voile la face… c’est l’heure où l’individu juste … ne peut triompher que dans sa conscience, c’est-à-dire nécessairement dans la souffrance. … La souffrance de juste pour une justice sans triomphe est vécue concrètement comme judaïsme.

Levinas, ‘Aimer la Thora plus que Dieu’

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Authors

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John K. Roth Elisabeth Maxwell Margot Levy Wendy Whitworth

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© 2001 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Goodhart, S. (2001). Conscience, Conscience, Consciousness. In: Roth, J.K., Maxwell, E., Levy, M., Whitworth, W. (eds) Remembering for the Future. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-66019-3_68

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-66019-3_68

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