Abstract
The western fringe of the Iberian peninsula was inhabited from 8000 BC by Neolithic peoples known as Iberians. Celtic tribes settled in the north and west of the peninsula in the first millennium BC with Phoenician settlements in the southwest around Cadiz from around 800 BC. From 241 BC the Iberian peninsula came under the influence of Carthage, and then Rome after 206 BC. The Romans made their way north to what is now central Portugal and clashed with a Celtic federation, the Lusitanians. They resisted the Roman advance under their leader Viriathus until he was killed in 140 BC, after which the Romans were able to move north across the Douro river. In 25 BC Augustus founded Augustus Emirita (now Mérida) as the capital of Lusitania.
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Further Reading
Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Anuário Estatístico de Portugal/Statistics Year-Book.—Estatísticas do Comércio Externo. 2 vols. Annual from 1967
Birmingham, David, A Concise History of Portugal. 1993
Maxwell, K., The Making of Portuguese Democracy. 1995
Page, Martin, The First Global Village: How Portugal Changed the World. 2002
Saraiva, J. H., Portugal: A Companion History. 1997
Wheeler, D. L., Historical Dictionary of Portugal. 1994
National library: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, Campo Grande 83, 1749–081 Lisbon.
National Statistical Office: Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), Avenida
Antonio José de Almeida, 1000–043 Lisbon.
Website: http://www.ine.pt
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Turner, B. (2013). Portugal. In: Turner, B. (eds) The Statesman’s Yearbook. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59643-0_299
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59643-0_299
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