Abstract
Hannah Arendt’s formulation of the twentieth century as that of wars and revolutions needs revising only in that previous centuries have also, to varying degrees, been influenced by such upheavals. Reformulated, Arendt’s observation could read: the whole history of the modern international system is one of wars and revolutions. Underlying each is the shifting, irresolvably contradictory, character of modern social and economic evolution itself: they are both products of the conflicts of modernity. Wars and revolutions are the defining crises of modernity, the products and punctuation marks of the process of international history. A survey of that relation in historical narrative terms may serve as a prelude to examining both the general impact of revolutions on international relations and the ways in which this impact has hitherto been analysed. If the subject of the previous chapter was the international as cause, this chapter seeks to analyse consequence, how revolutions have affected relations between states and the course of international history in general.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes
Hedley Bull, The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics (London: Macmillan, 1977).
Martin Wright, Power Politics (London: Penguin, 1966) p. 92.
R. Palmer, ‘The World Revolution of the West, 1763–1801’, Political Science Quarterly, March 1954; R. Palmer, The Age of the Democratic Revolution, 2 vols (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1959 and 1964)
Eric Hobsbawm, Echoes of the Marseillaise, p. 4, pp. 111-12; Geoffrey Best (ed.), The Permanent Revolution: The French Revolution and its Legacy 1789–1988 (London: Fontana, 1988).
Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Empire 1875–1914 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987)
Gabriel Kolko, Anatomy of a War (New York: Pantheon Books, 1985)
Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy (London: Simon & Schuster, 1994) pp. 694–704.
Raymond Garthoff, Reflections on the Cuban Missle Crisis (Washington: Brookings Institution, 1987)
James Nathan (ed.), The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisisted (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1992)
John Lewis Gaddis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997)
Saverio Tutino, L’ottobre cubano, lineamenti di una storia della rivoluzione castriasta (Turin: Einaudi, 1968)
Max Holland, ‘Cuba, Kennedy and the Cold War’, The Nation, 29 November 1993; William Breuer, Vendetta! Fidel Castro and the Kennedy Brothers (New York: Wiley & Sons, 1998).
Gaddis, We Now Know, pp. 278-9. For Cuban criticisms of the Soviet withdrawal, Brenner, pp. 134-5; Castro interview, Le Monde, 22 December 1993; and Hugh Thomas, Cuba or the Pursuit of Freedom (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1971) pp. 1414–15
W. W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962).
Justin Rosenberg, The Empire of Civil Society (London: Verso, 1994).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1999 Fred Halliday
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Halliday, F. (1999). Revolutions and International History. In: Revolution and World Politics. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27702-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27702-5_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-65329-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-27702-5
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)