Abstract
The culture of volunteering was revived, from 1987 onwards, by a diverse array of charities, most of them new. This chapter examines their emergence (or restructuring) and development. It begins with the most ‘official’: those created from above, according to the standard Soviet organizational model. The extent to which an organization was controlled by the CPSU was for many purposes its most important characteristic. However, as perestroika progressed and party control weakened, ‘official’ became increasingly difficult to define.
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Notes
Interviews at the Red Cross with L. Cherkasskaya and D. Venediktov (head of the Soviet Red Cross 1986–92); Sovetskii Krasnyi Krest segodnya; ‘Miloserdie i “Miloserdie”’; Shirinskii; Muzei Sovetskogo Krasnogo Kresta.
Interview with L. Kabanova, FMZ (Moscow), 1992.
‘Razdeli chuzhuyu bedu’ pp. 9–10; interview with N. D’yachenko, Leningrad Miloserdie, 1990; Itogi pp. 14–15.
Komsomol’skaya pravda, 21.2.91, 2.
Likhanov (1990) p. 234.
Harwin (1996) p. 72.
Likhanov (1987), p. 4.
Likhanov (1990) p. 234.
Gorbachev (1996) p. 276.
On the origins of Miloserdie, see e.g. N. D’yachenko, ‘Shkola’ and ‘Obrashchayus”; Bogoslovskaya (1987).
From his speech at the founding conference of ‘Leningrad’, 5.4.88, in Dom, no. 1, Oct. 1988, 9.
Information on Miloserdie from interviews with V. Lebedev and N. D’yachenko (Leningrad Miloserdie Society) and D. Neklyudov (Christian Democrats/Dolg), April 1990; Samodeyatel’nye pp. 53–4 (‘Chelovek’); Obshchestvo miloserdiya; Leningrad Charity Society.
Harwin (1992). I am grateful to J. Harwin for her comments to me on the homes. Most of what follows is based on interview information from Z. Borodaevskaya (Novosibirsk, 1989) and L. Yashunina (Children’s Fund, Moscow), July 1992 and from my questionnaires.
Harwin (1996) p. 101.
See e.g. Ryzhkov; Ogonek, no. 39 (Sept.) 1989, letter from Moscow Society for the Protection of Animals (Moskovskoe gorodskoe obshchestvo zashchity zhivotnykh) p. 4; entries in Rossiiskaya blagotvoritel’nost’ pp. 24, 32, 124 on a Zoos Fund, a Canine Centre and the Rossiyanin Fund for Protection of Animals.
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© 1999 Anne White
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White, A. (1999). Charities. In: Democratization in Russia under Gorbachev, 1985–91. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27372-0_5
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