Abstract
In 1989, people throughout East Central Europe just said ‘no’ to Commu-nist Parties and governments trying to navigate their own ship of state in the wake of the Soviet power struggle set off by Mikhail Gorbachev in the name of perestroika and glasnost’. In February, the Hungarian Central Committee caved in to popular pressure for a multi-party system. Polish voters sent the same message in the June election. Throughout the summer, East Germans voted with their feet across the border from Hungary into Austria and into West German embassies in Prague and Warsaw.
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Notes
Timothy Garton Ash, The Magic Lantern: The Revolution of 89 Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin, and Prague (New York: Random House, 1990).
See Daniel J. Elazar (ed.), Federal Systems of the World: A Handbook of Federal, Confederal, and Autonomy Arrangements (New York: Longman, 1994).
Carl J. Friedrich, Trends in Federalism in Theory and Practice (New York and London: Praeger, 1968).
Hans Kohn, The Idea of Nationalism: A Study of Its Origins and Background, 2nd edn (New York: Macmillan, 1961), p. 16.
Louis L. Snyder, The Meaning of Nationalism (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1954), p. 11.
Salo W. Baron, Modern Nationalism and Religion (New York: Harper, 1947).
Juan J Linz, ‘State Building and Nation Building’, European Review 1, no. 4 (1993), pp. 355–69.
See Peter F. Sugar and Ivo J. Lederer, Nationalism in Eastern Europe (Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1969).
Ivo Andrió, Bridge on the Drina (New York: New American Library, 1967), p. 251.
M. George Zaninovich, The Development of Socialist Yugoslavia (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1968), pp.44ff.
Susan L. Woodward, The Balkan Tragedy: Chaos and Dissolution After the Cold War (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1995), p. 30.
George Modelski, The Communist International System (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Center for International Studies Monograph, 1960), p. 45.
Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CI’: Yale University Press, 1968), pp. 12–24.
Vladimir Dedijer, With Tito Through the War: Partisan Diary, 1941–1944 (London: Hamilton, 1951), p.68.
See also Ivan Avakumovid, History of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1964).
See Sabrina P. Ramet, Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia, 1962–1991, 2nd edn (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992).
Edvard Kardelj, quoted in Paul Shoup, Communism and the Yugoslav National Question (New York: Columbia University Press, 1968), p. 186.
Bogdan Denis Denitch, The Legitimation of a Revolution: The Yugoslav Case (New Haven,CT, and London: Yale University Press, 1976), chronicles the early successes in creating such a socialist political culture.
Bogdan Denitch, ‘The Evolution of Yugoslav Federalism’, Publius 7, no. 4 (1977), p. 112.
William N. Dunn, ‘Communal Federalism- Dialectics of Decentralization in Socialist Yugoslavia’, Publius 5, no. 2 (1975), pp. 127–50.
Lenard J. Cohen, Regime Transition in a Disintegrating Yugoslavia: The Law of Rule vs. The Rule of Law; Carl Beck Paper no. 908 (Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Russian and East European Studies, April 1992).
See Sharon Wolchik, ‘The Politics of Ethnicity in Post-Communist Czechoslovakia’, East European Politics and Societies 8, no. 1 (1994), pp. 167–86.
Carol Skalnik Leff, The Czech and Slovak Republics: Nation Versus State (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1997), pp.136ff.
See also Stanislav J. Kirschbaum, A History of Slo-vakia: The Struggle for Survival (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995), pp. 251–71;
and, by the same author, ‘Czechoslovakia: The Creation, Federalization and Dissolution of a Nation-State’, in John Coakley (ed.), The Territorial Management of Ethnic Conflict (London: Cass, 1993), pp. 69–95.
James N. Rosenau (ed.), Linkage Politics: Essays on the Convergence of National and international Systems (New York: Free Press, 1969), p.49. For an earlier analysis investigating the relationship of non-alignment and self-management in this regard, see Robin Alison Remington, ‘Foreign Policy’, in Rusinow, op. cit., pp.156–75.
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© 1999 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Remington, R.A. (1999). Federalism and Nationalism in Yugoslavia. In: Kirschbaum, S.J. (eds) Historical Reflections on Central Europe. International Council for Central and East European Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27112-2_15
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