Abstract
Over the last two hundred years, the influence of German thinkers on Eastern Europe has been constant and profound. This is especially true in the political sphere, in which, since the second half of the nineteenth century, the ideas of Hegel and Marx in particular have had incalculable consequences. One German theorist whose impact on the political thought of Eastern Europe made itself felt from a much earlier date was Johann Gottfried Herder; and it may well be that, in the long run, his ideas will be seen to have had more far-reaching and longer-lasting consequences than those of the fathers of socialism. For Herder’s reflections on nationhood have played, and continue to play, a fundamental part in modern nationalism and in the self-understanding of numerous national groups, especially in Central and Eastern Europe.
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Notes
Robert Ergang, Herder and the Foundations of German Nationalism New York, 1935, p. 95.
See F.M. Barnard, Self-Direction and Political Legitimacy. Rousseau and Herder, Oxford, 1988, pp. 162–9.
H.B. Nisbet, ‘Goethes und Herders Geschichtsdenken’, Goethe-Jahrbuch, 110, 1993, pp. 98–9.
See Reinhart Koselleck, ‘Volk, Nation, Nationalismus, Masse’ in Otto Brunner, Werner Conze and Reinhart Koselleck (eds), Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe, 7 vols, Stuttgart, 1972–92, VII, p. 316.
See, for example, SW V, pp. 502–3 and Hans Dietrich Irmscher, `Grundzüge der Hermeneutik Herders’ in J. G. Maltusch (ed.), Bückeburger Gespräche über J. G. Herder 1971 Bückeburg, 1973, pp. 17–57.
See also Eugen Lemberg, Nationalismus 2 vols, Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1964, I, p. 172.
Otto Dann, ‘Herder und die Deutsche Bewegung’ in Gerhard Sauder (ed.), Johann Gottfried Herder 1744–1803 Studien zum achtzehnten Jahrhundert, 9, Hamburg, 1987, pp. 308–40 (esp. pp. 322–3).
See Kant’s essay ‘Perpetual Peace’ (Zum ewigen Frieden) in Immanuel Kant, Gesammelte Schriften ed. Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 20 vols, 1900—, VIII, pp. 341–86.
Hans Kohn, Nationalism. Its Meaning and History revised edition, Princeton, NJ, 1965, p. 31.
Anthony D. Smith, The Ethnic Origins of Nations, Oxford, 1986, pp. 138, 140.
G. Ziegengeist, H. Graßhoff and Ulf Lehmann (eds), J.G. Herder: Zur Rezeption in Ost- und Südosteuropa, Berlin, 1978, pp. 93, 109.
Erhard Hexelschneider, ‘Volk und Volkslied bei Herder und Radischtchew’ in W. Dietze et al. (eds), Herder-Kolloquium 1978 Weimar, 1980, pp. 339–44.
See Ziegengeist, Graßhoff and Lehmann (eds), Herder pp. 119, 125–31.
See Schullerus, ‘Die Herder-Rezeption in Rumänien’, pp. 327–31.
See, for example, Ziegengeist, Graßhoff and Lehmann (eds), Herder, pp. 98–104, 106, 119–20, 122, 127–8.
See Irmscher’s remarks on this in Hans Dietrich Irmscher (ed.), Herder, Goethe, Frisi, Moser: Von deutscher Art und Kunst Stuttgart, 1968, p. 175.
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Nisbet, H.B. (1999). Herder’s Conception of Nationhood and its Influence in Eastern Europe. In: Bartlett, R., Schönwälder, K. (eds) The German Lands and Eastern Europe. Studies in Russia and East Europe. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27094-1_6
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