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The Fall of Actually Existing Socialism

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Eastern Europe Since 1945

Part of the book series: The Making of the Modern World ((MMW))

Abstract

This chapter presents the collapse of the ancien régime in Eastern Europe, a process which would not have been possible without the role played by Mikhail Gorbachev. Not long after the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, Ferenc Fejtö wrote:

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Notes

  1. Where no other source is cited, this chapter is based on Western press reports of 1989–91, Keesings Record of World Events and two useful source materials for the years of change in Eastern Europe: S. White, Handbook of Reconstruction in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union (Harrow, 1991), and

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  2. B. Szajkowski, New Political Parties of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union (Harrow, 1991 ).

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  3. J. Batt, East Central Europe from Reform to Transformation (London, 1991), p. 25.

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  4. Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Survey of Europe in 1989–1990 (New York, 1990), pp. 87, 116.

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  5. Z. A. B. Zeman, The Making and Breaking of Communist Eastern Europe (Oxford, 1991), pp. 327–8.

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  6. C. Mabbs-Zeno, ‘Agricultural Policy Reform in Albania’, CPE Agriculture Report, vol. IV, no. 6 (November/December 1991 ), p. 7.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of the West of England, England

    Geoffrey Swain (Professor of European History)

  2. University of Liverpool, UK

    Nigel Swain (Lecturer in History and Deputy Director of the Centre for Central and East European Studies)

Authors
  1. Geoffrey Swain
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  2. Nigel Swain
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Copyright information

© 1998 Geoffrey Swain and Nigel Swain

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Cite this chapter

Swain, G., Swain, N. (1998). The Fall of Actually Existing Socialism. In: Eastern Europe Since 1945. The Making of the Modern World. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27069-9_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27069-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-333-73234-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-349-27069-9

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

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