Abstract
Thirty years ago, on 16 February 1967, Latin American countries concluded the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America. Nine years later, in December 1975, the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution which identified nuclearweapon-free zones (NWFZ) as ‘constitut[ing] one of the most effective means of preventing the proliferation, both horizontal and vertical, of nuclear weapons and for contributing to the elimination of the danger of a nuclear holocaust’.1 Since then the world has witnessed the formation of NWFZ in the South Pacific, Southeast Asia and Africa.2 Suggestions are also being made for a NWFZ encompassing all countries of the southern hemisphere. Meanwhile, South Asia remains locked in an undeclared nuclear deterrence involving its two major states, India and Pakistan. The question arises as to whether these two states need to follow examples set by other countries and establish a NWFZ in South Asia.
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Notes
Cited by Mahmoud Karem, A Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in the Middle East: Problems and Prospects (New York: Greenwood Press, 1988), p. 2.
Ramesh Thakur, ‘The Treaty of Raratonga: The South Pacific Nuclear-Free Zone’, in David Pitt and Gordon Thompson, eds, Nuclear-Free Zones (London: Croom Helm, 1987), pp. 23–45;
Sola Ogunbanwo, ‘The Treaty of Pelindaba: Africa is Nuclear-Weapon Free’, Security Dialogue 27 (February 1996), pp. 185–200.
Samina Yasmeen and Aabha Dixit, Confidence-building Measures in South Asia (Washington DC: Henry Stimson Center, Occasional Paper No. 24, 1995).
US Government, Report to Congress on Progress Toward Regional Nonproliferation in South Asia, (1993), cited by Amitabh Mattoo, ‘India’s Nuclear Status Quo’, Survival 38 (Autumn 1996), p. 42.
David Albright, William M. Arkin, Frans Berkhout, Robert Norris and William Walker, ‘Inventories of Fissile Materials and Nuclear Weapons’, SIPRI Yearbook 1995: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford: Oxford University Press for SIPRI, 1995), p. 321.
David Albright, Frans Berkhout and William Walker, SIPRI World Inventory of Plutonium and Highly Enriched Uranium, 1992 (Oxford: Oxford University Press for SIPRI, 1993), pp. 161–2.
Eric Arnett, ‘Implications of the comprehensive test ban for nuclear weapon programmes and decision making’, in Eric Arnett, ed., Nuclear Weapons After the Comprehensive Test Ban: Implications for Modernization and Proliferation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 13.
W. P. S. Sidhu, ‘India’s Nuclear Tests: Technical and Military Imperatives’, Jane’s Intelligence Review, April 1996, pp. 171–2.
Shafgat Ali Khan, ‘Pakistan’, in Arnett, ed., Nuclear Weapons After the Comprehensive Test Ban, pp. 74–7;
W. P. S. Sidhu, ‘Pakistan’s Bomb: a quest for credibility’, Jane’s Intelligence Review, June 1996, pp. 278–9.
See, for example, Zahid Malik, Dr A. Q. Khan and the Islamic Bomb (Islamabad: Hurmat Publications, 1992), ch. 18.
See, for example, Devin T. Hagerty, ‘Nuclear Deterrence in South Asia: The 1990 Indo-Pakistani Crisis’, International Security 20 (Winter 1995–96), pp. 79–114;
Najam Sethi, ‘Indo-Pak Nuclear Future’, Friday Times (Lahore), 18–24 April 1996, pp. 6–7.
See, for example, Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (New York: Bantam, 1995);
Anthony Stevens, The Roots of War: A Jungian Perspective (New York: Paragon House, 1989).
Michael Krepon and Mishi Faruqee, Conflict Prevention and Confidence Building Measures in South Asia: The 1990 Crisis (Washington DC: Henry Stimson Center, 1994).
S. Rashid Naim, ‘After Midnight’, in Stephen P. Cohen, ed., Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia: The Prospects for Arms Control (Boulder: Westview, 1991), pp. 48–58.
Savita Pande, Pakistan’s Nuclear Policy (Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation, 1991), pp. 139–40.
J. N. Dixit, Anatomy of a Flawed Inheritance: Indo—Pak Relations 1970–1994 (Delhi: Konark Publishers, 1995).
Raj Chengappa, ‘“We had no option”: Interview with I. K. Gujral’, India Today, 15 September 1996, p. 78; emphasis added.
Vipin Gupta, ‘Sensing the Threat’, in Cohen, ed., Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia, pp. 225–61.
Richard Kokoski, Technology and the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (Oxford: Oxford University Press for SIPRI, 1995), pp. 209–15.
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Yasmeen, S. (1998). The Case for a South Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone. In: Thakur, R. (eds) Nuclear Weapons-Free Zones. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26972-3_8
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