Abstract
The province of Punjab in 1872 was one of the eight major provinces of British India, created after the annexation of the former territories of the Sikh ruler in 1849. It consisted of all the territory from Delhi in the east to the Indus River in the west. The North-West Frontier Province was separated from Punjab to constitute a separate province in 1901, and Delhi was separated from it in 1911.1 When I use the term Punjab province, I am referring to that area which constituted the province of Punjab from 1872 to the time it was redefined, after 1901 and 1911.
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Notes
Tom G. Kessinger, Vilyatpur, 1868–1968 ( Berkeley: University of California Press, (1974), p. 9.
O. H. K. Spate, India and Pakistan: A General and Regional Geography ( London: Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1954 ), p. 148.
J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Vol. II, Ch.3, in The New Cambridge History of India ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990 ), pp. 9–27.
Eric Stokes, The English Utilitarians and India ( Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959 ), p. 245.
Thomas Metcalf, The Aftermath of Revolt ( Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964 ), pp. 249–50.
David Washbrook, ‘Law, State, and Agrarian Society in Colonial India’, Modern Asian Studies, 15: 3 (1981), 652.
Denzil Ibbetson, Punjab Castes ( Delhi: Low Price Publications, 1993 ), p. 16.
C. L. Tupper, Punjab Customary Law (Calcutta: Government Printing Press, 1881 ), Vol. II, p. 78.
David Gilmartin, Empire and Islam ( Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988 ), p. 5.
David Lelyveld, Aligarh’s First Generation ( Princeton: Princeton University Press, (1978), p. 30.
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© 1998 Dushka Saiyid
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Saiyid, D. (1998). Introduction. In: Muslim Women of the British Punjab. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26885-6_1
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