Abstract
The government economy consists of economic activities that are non-marketed, legal, and recorded, and that require government revenue. Although it is to be found in any modern economy irrespective of its economic system, in the following exclusively that under market capitalism will be considered, unless stated otherwise.
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Notes
Cf. Peter Self, Government by the Marketl Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1993, pp. 36–44.
See also Spencer J. Pack, Capitalism as a Moral System, Aldershot, Edward Elgar, 1991.
(Nicholas Barr, The Economics of the Welfare State, London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1993 (second edition), pp. 81–2 and 106–7.)
See e.g. Andrew Schotter, Free Market Economics, Oxford, Basil Black-well, 1990, pp. 57–63 and 100–101.
See e.g. Holger Bonus, ‘Öffentliche Güter: Verführung und Gefangen-endüemma’, in Wolfgang Stützel, Christian Watrin, Hans Willgerodt and Karl Höhmann (eds), Grundtexte zur Sozialen Marktwirtschaft, Stuttgart, Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1981, pp. 283–305, and
Arthur Seidon, Capitalism, Oxford, Basii Blackwell, 1990, pp. 167–74.
Milton and Rose Friedman, Free to Choose, London, Seeker & Warburg, 1980, pp. 116–17.
David W. Conklin, Comparative Economic Systems, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991, pp. 167–70.
E.F. Schumacher, ‘Public Finance — Its Relation to Full Employment’, in The Oxford University Institute of Statistics, The Economics of Full Employment, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1948 (reprinted), Part IV.
Peter A. Hall, ‘Introduction’, in Peter A. Hall (ed.), The Political Power of Economic Ideas: Keynesianism across Nations, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1989, p. 4.
W.W Rostow, The World Economy, London, Macmillan, 1978, p. 60.
(Rondo Cameron, A Concise Economic History of the World, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993 (second edition), p. 320.)
Angus Maddison, The World Economy in the 20th Century, Paris, OECD, 1989, p. 71, Table 6.3.
Calculated from the estimates of Soviet GNP by Genadii Zoteev, ‘Ob otsenke natsional’nogo produkta’, Ekonomicheskaya gazeta, no. 42 (October 1987), and
Narodnoe khozyaistvo SSSR za 70 let, Moskva, 1987, p. 629
G. Zoteev and E. Kh’yuitt, ‘Protsess ekonomicheskikh reform i ego katalizatory’, Kommunist, no. 13 (September 1989), p. 59, Table 2.
(Karen M. Brooks, ‘Soviet Agriculture’s Halting Reform’, Problems of Communism, vol. XXXIX, no. 2 (March–April 1990), p. 37, Table 7, and own calculations.) On subsidies to consumers and state enterprises in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and
Poland see Paul J.J. Welfens, ‘The Socialist Shadow Economy: Causes, Characteristics, and Role for Systemic Reforms’, Economic Systems, vol. 16, no. 1 (April 1992), pp. 113–47.
For 1971–83 see Charles Wolf, Jr., ‘The Costs and Benefits of the Soviet Empire’, in Henry S. Rowen and Charles Wolf, Jr. (eds), The Future of the Soviet Empire, London, Macmillan, 1988, Chapter 7.
See e.g. R.T. Maddock, The Political Economy of Soviet Defence Spending, London, Macmillan, 1988
Steven Rosefielde, ‘Soviet Defence Spending: The Contribution to the New Accountancy’, Soviet Studies, vol. 42, no. 1 (January 1990), pp. 59–80
Dmitri Steinberg, ‘Trends in Soviet Military Expenditure’, Soviet Studies, vol. 42, no. 4 (October 1990), pp. 675–99
Keith Crane, “Die Determinants of Spending in Eastern Europe: Defence Expenditure in the Non-Soviet Warsaw Pact”, in Christopher Coker (ed.), Drifting Apart? The Superpowers and Their European Allies, London, Brassey’s Defence Publishers, 1989, Chapter 4.
Mario I. Blejer and Gyorgy Szapary, ‘The Evolving Role of Tax Policy in China’, Journal of Comparative Economics, vol. 14, no. 3 (September 1990), pp. 452–72.
Cf. Robert Bacon and Walter Eltis, Britain’s Economic Problem Revisited, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1996 (third edition).
Robert Skidelsky, The World After Communism: A Polemic For Our Time, London, Macmillan, 1995, p. 192.
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© 1998 J. L. Porket
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Porket, J.L. (1998). The Government Economy. In: Modern Economic Systems and their Transformation. St Antony’s Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26696-8_8
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