Abstract
In 1921 a group of Russian émigrés, formerly loyal to the White cause, published under the leadership of N.V. Ustrialov a collection entitled Smena vekh or ‘Change of Landmarks’.1 The smenovekhovtsy (supporters of Smena vekh) abandoned their previous opposition to Soviet power and declared that Bolshevism was a Russian national phenomenon, the professed internationalism of which was a camouflage. Already in 1920 Ustrialov had proclaimed himself an adherent of ‘National Bolshevism’.
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References
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Duncan, P.J.S. (1998). Changing Landmarks? Anti-Westernism in National Bolshevik and Russian Revolutionary Thought. In: Hosking, G., Service, R. (eds) Russian Nationalism Past and Present. Studies in Russia and East Europe . Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26532-9_5
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