Abstract
The 1980s was a decade of great international change, ranging from the second Cold War, through a new era of détente and ending with the spectacular collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. In the international economy, the debt crisis caused a ‘lost decade’ of development in the Third World and the growing influence of the international financial institutions carried a new economic liberal orthodoxy around the world, reinforced by the Uruguay Round of the GATT negotiations aiming at an ambitious liberalization of international trade.
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Notes
Pedro Ramet, ‘Apocalypse Culture and Social Change’, in Yugoslavia in the 1980s, Pedro Ramet (ed.) ( Boulder: Westview, 1985 ), 5.
Harold Lydall, Yugoslavia in Crisis ( Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989 ), 4.
Phyllis Auty, Tito: a biography ( London: Longman, 1970 ), 246–63.
Othmar Nicola Haberl, ‘Yugoslavia and the USSR in the Post-Tito Era’, in Yugoslavia in the 1980s, Ramet (ed.), 277.
This account of Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and the NAM relies principally on Zachary T. Irwin, ‘Yugoslav Nonalignment in the 1980s’, in Yugoslavia in the 1980s, Ramet (ed.), 257, 262, 265.
Fred Singleton, ‘Yugoslavia’s Defence and Foreign Policy in the Context of Non-Alignment’, in Yugoslavia’s Security Dilemmas: Armed Forces, National Defence and Foreign Policy Marko Milivojevic, et al. (eds) (Oxford: Berg, 1988), 189–91 on the decline of the importance of the NAM to Yugoslav foreign policy after the invasion of Afghanistan and the rise of the ‘radicals’, led by Cuba, who sought to take the movement closer to the Soviet Union.
Stephen K. Pavlowitch, The Improbable Survivor: Yugoslavia and Its Problems, 1918–1988 (London: C. Hurst and Co., 1988), 119–23. Singleton, ‘Yugoslavia’s Defence and Foreign Policy,’ 189–91.
Bruce MacFarlane, Yugoslavia: Politics, Economics and Society ( London: Pinter, 1988 ), 184–93.
Peter Ferdinand, ‘Yugoslavia—Beyond the Beginning of the End?’ Journal of Communist Studies 6 (1990): 101–2.
Slovenia’s movement towards a multi-party system and market economy with a strongly European outlook is a strong feature in Bogomil Ferfila, ‘Yugoslavia: Confederation or Disintegration?’ Problems of Communism 40 (1991).
Also Carole Rogel, ‘Slovenia’s Independence: a Reversal of History’, Problems of Communism 40 (1991).
A valuable account of the developments within the JNA at this time and their move towards the position of Serbian leader Milosevic is Lenard J. Cohen, Broken Bonds: the Disintegration of Yugoslavia ( Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993 ), 181–92.
There is a useful, chronological account of the rise of Serb nationalism in the 1980s in V. P. Gagnon, Jr., ‘Yugoslavia: Prospects for Stability,’ Foreign Affairs 70 (1991).
This process began in 1988 and was completed when Kosovo’s and Vojvodina’s parliaments were forcibly closed in 1990. Dennison Rusinow, ‘Yugoslavia: Balkan Break-Up?’ Foreign Policy, No. 83 (1991): 150–1.
John Gerard Ruggie, ‘International Regimes, Transaction and Change: Embedded Liberalism in the Post-War Economic Order’, in International Regimes, Stephen D. Krasner (ed.) ( Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983 ), 198.
Whilst over-stating the case the importance of Yugoslavia’s debt is highlighted by Michael Barrat Brown, ‘The War in Yugoslavia and the Debt Burden’, Capital and Class, No. 50 (1993).
See above, 2.7. Also R. B. J. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993 ).
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© 1998 John Williams
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Williams, J. (1998). Legitimacy and the Fall of Yugoslavia: the Crisis of the 1980s. In: Legitimacy in International Relations and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26260-1_4
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