Abstract
In this chapter we will seek both to examine some of the main themes and issues around the subject of race that have emerged in the field of forensic psychiatry and to consider the possibilities of anti-discriminatory practice.
The other is a figure constructed to be serviceable to the historically dominant white male group. In order to provide this service, the other cannot be permitted to have a voice, a position, a being of its own, but must remain mute or speak only in ways permitted by the dominant discourse.
(Sampson, 1993)
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bagley, C. (1971) ‘Mental Illness in Immigrant Minorities in London’, Journal of Biosocial Science, 3: 449–59.
Barnes, M., Bowl, R. and Fisher, M. (1990) Sectioned: Social Services and the 1983 Mental Health Act (London: Tavistock).
Boast, N. and Chesterman, D. (1995) ‘Black People and Secure Psychiatric Facilities: Patterns of Processing and the Role of Stereotypes’, British Journal of Criminology, 35(2): 218–35.
Bolton, G. (1984) ‘Management of Compulsorily Admitted Patients in a High Security Unit’, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 30, 77–84.
Browne, D. (1990) Black People, Mental Health and the Courts (London: NACRO).
Carlen, P. (1986) ‘Psychiatry in Prisons: Promises, Practices and Politics’, in P. Miller and N. Rose (eds), The Power of Psychiatry (Cambridge: Polity Press).
Carpenter, I. and Brockington, I. (1980) ‘A Study of Mental Illness in Asians, West Indians and Africans Living in Manchester’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 137: 201–5.
Chen, E., Harrison, G. and Standen, P. (1991) ‘Management of First Episode Psychotic Illness in Afro-Caribbean Patients’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 158: 517–22.
Cochrane, R. (1977) ‘Mental Illness in Immigrants in England and Wales: An Analysis of Mental Hospital Admissions, 1971’, Social Psychiatry, 12: 25–35.
Cochrane, R. and S. Bal (1989) ‘Mental Hospital Admission Rates of Immigrants to England: A Comparison of 1971 and 1981’, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 24: 2–11.
Cope, R. and Ndegwa, D. (1990) ‘Ethnic Differences in Admission to a Regional Secure Unit’, Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 1(3): 365–78.
Dalai, F. (1993) ‘“Race” and Racism: An Attempt to Organise Difference’, Group Analysis, 26(3): 277–90.
Dale, C., Rae, M. and Tarbuck, P. (1995) ‘Changing the Nursing Culture in a Special Hospital’, Nursing Times, 91(30): 33–5.
Davies, B. (1986) ‘Culture and Psychiatric Nursing: Implications for Training’, in J. Cox (ed.), Transcultural Psychiatry (London: Croom Helm).
Davies, B. and Harré, R. (1990) ‘Positioning: The Discursive Production of Selves’, The Journal of the Theory of Social Behaviour, 20(1): 43–63.
Dean, G., Walsh, D., Downing, H. and Shelley, E. (1981) ‘First Admissions of Native-Born Immigrants to Psychiatric Hospitals in South East England, 1976’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 139: 506–12.
Dolan, B., Polley, K., Allen, R. and Norton, K. (1991) ‘Addressing Racism in Psychiatry: Is the Therapeutic Community Model Applicable?’, The International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 37(2): 71–9.
Fernando, S. (1991) Mental Health, Race and Culture (London: Macmillan in association with MIND Publications).
FitzGerald, M. (1993) ‘“Racism”: Establishing the Phenomenon’, in D. Cook and B. Hudson (eds), Racism and Criminology (London: Sage).
Flaherty, J. and Meagher, R. (1980) ‘Measuring Racial Bias in Inpatient Treatment’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(6): 679–82.
Francis, E. (1989) ‘Black People, Dangerousness and Psychiatric Compulsion’, in A. Brackx and C. Grimshaw (eds), Mental Health Care in Crisis (London: Pluto).
Frederick, J. (1991) Positive Thinking for Mental Health (London: The Black Mental Health Group).
Glenister, D. and Hopton, J. (1995) ‘The Illusion of Progress’, Nursing Times, 91(31): 62–3.
Glover, G. (1989) ‘Why is There a High Rate of Schizophrenia in British Caribbeans?’, British Journal of Hospital Medicine, 42: 48–51.
Gunn, J., Maden, A. and Swinton, M. (1991) ‘Treatment Needs of Prisoners with Psychiatric Disorders’, British Medical Journal, 303: 338–41.
Harrison, G., Owens, D., Holton, A., Nielson, D. and Boot, D. (1988) ‘A Prospective Study of Severe Mental Disorder in Afro-Caribbean Patients’, Psychological Medicine, 18: 643–57.
HMSO (1992) Report of the Committee of Inquiry into Complaints About Ashworth Hospital (London: HMSO).
Home Office Statistical Bulletin (1989) The Ethnic Group of those Proceeded Against or Sentenced by the Courts in the Metropolitan Police District in 1984 (London: HMSO).
Home Office (1992) Discussion Paper. Services for People of Black and Ethnic Minority Groups: Issues of Race and Culture (London: Department of Health/Home Office, HMSO).
Hudson, B. (1989) ‘Discrimination and Disparity: The Influence of Race on Sentencing’, New Community, 16(1): 112–38.
Ineichen, B., Harrison, G. and Morgan, H. (1984) ‘Psychiatric Admissions in Bristol: 1. Geographical and Ethnic Factors’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 145: 600–4.
Jones, G. and Berry, M. (1986) ‘Regional Secure Units: The Emerging Picture’, in G. Edwards (ed.), Current Issues in Clinical Psychology, Volume 4 (London: Plenum).
Jones, J. (1981) ‘How Different Are Human Races?’, Nature, 293: 188–90.
Lawson, W., Jerome, A. and Werner, P. (1984) ‘Race, Violence and Psychopathology’, The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 45(7): 294–7.
Lewis, G., Croft-Jeffreys, C. and David, A. (1990) ‘Are British Psychiatrists Racist?’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 157: 410–15.
Littlewood, R. (1990) ‘From Categories to Contexts: A Decade of the New Cross-cultural Psychiatry’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 156: 308–27.
Littlewood, R. (1994) ‘Ideology, Camouflage or Contingency? Racism in British Psychiatry’, Paper presented to the one-day multi-disciplinary conference ‘Working across Cultures’, Department of Mental Health Sciences, St George’s Hospital Medical School.
Littlewood, R. and Cross, S. (1980) ‘Ethnic Minorities and Psychiatric Services’, Sociology of Health and Illness, 2: 194–201.
Littlewood, R. and Lipsedge, M. (1989) Aliens and Alienists: Ethnic Minorities and Psychiatry (Harmondsworth: Penguin).
Mason, T. (1994) ‘Seclusion in a Special Hospital: A Developmental Study’, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Anglia Polytechnic University.
McGovern, D. and Cope, R. (1987) ‘The Compulsory Detention of males of Different Ethnic Groups’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 150: 505–12.
Mental Health Nursing Review Team (1994) Working in Partnership (the Butterworth Report) (London: HMSO).
Mercer, K. (1986) ‘Racism and Transcultural Psychiatry’, in P. Miller and N. Rose (eds), The Power of Psychiatry (Cambridge: Polity Press).
Miles, R. (1989) Racism (London: Routledge).
Moodley, P. and Thorneycroft, G. (1988) ‘Ethnic Group and Compulsory Detention’, Medicine, Science and the Law, 28: 324–8.
NACRO (1991) Briefing: Race and Criminal Justice (London: NACRO).
Noble, P. and Rodger, S. (1989) ‘Violence by Psychiatric In-Patients’, British Journal of Psychiatry, 155: 384–90.
Norris, M. (1984) Integration of Special Hospital Patients into the Community (Aldershot: Gower).
Odergaard, O. (1932) ‘Emigration and Insanity’, Acta Psychiatrica Neurologica Scandaniaca, Suppl. 4.
Parker, I. (1990) ‘Discourse: Definitions and Contradictions’, Philosophical Psychology, 3(2): 189–204.
Parker, I. (1992) Discourse Dynamics: A Critical Analysis for Social and Individual Psychology (London: Routledge).
Parker, I. and Burman, E. (1993) ‘Against Discursive Imperialism, Empiricism and Constructionism: Thirty-two Problems with Discourse Analysis’, in E. Burman, E. and I. Parker (eds), Discourse Analytic Research: Repertoires and Readings of Texts in Action (London: Routledge).
Parker, I., Georgaca, E., Harper, D., McClaughlin, T. and Stowell Smith, M. (1995) Deconstructing Psychopathology (London: Sage).
Pilgrim, D. and Rogers, A. (1993) A Sociology of Mental Health and Illness (Buckingham: Open University Press).
Potter, J., Wetherell, M., Gill, R. and Edwards, D. (1990) ‘Discourse: Noun, Verb or Social Practice’, Philosophical Psychology, 3(2): 205–15.
Prins, H. (1993) Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Death in Broadmoor Hospital of Orville Blackwood and a Review of the Death of two Other Afro-Caribbean Patients: Big, Black and Dangerous? (London: SHSA).
Rack, P. (1982) Race, Culture and Mental Disorder (London: Tavistock).
Rogers, A. and Faulkner, A. (1987) A Place of Safety: MIND’s Research into Police Referrals to the Psychiatric Services (London: MIND).
Rose, N. (1990) Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self (London: Routledge).
Rustin, M. (1991) The Good Society and the Inner World (London: Verso).
Rwgellera, G. (1977) ‘Psychiatric Morbidity Among West Africans and West Indians Living in London’, Psychological Medicine, 7: 317–29.
Sampson, E. (1993) Celebrating the Other: A Dialogic Account of Human Nature (Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf).
Sashidharan, S. (1986) ‘Ideology and Politics in Transcultural Psychiatry’, in J. Cox (ed.), Transcultural Psychiatry (London: Croom Helm).
Sass, L. (1992) ‘The Epic of Disbelief: The Postmodernist Turn in Contemporary Psychoanalysis’, in S. Kvale (ed.), Psychology and Postmodernism (London: Sage).
Shalice, A. and Gordon, P. (1990) Black People, White Justice? Race and the Criminal Justice System (London: Runnymede Trust).
Sinclair, M., Littlewood, R., Lipsedge, M. and Ward, S. (1988) ‘Admission Rates for Schizophrenia in the British Born Population’, Unpublished manuscript.
Sivanandan, A. (1985) ‘RAT and the Degradation of the Black Struggle’, Race and Class, 13(3): 1–30.
Taylor, W. (1981) Probation and After Care in a Multi-Racial Society (London: The Commission for Racial Equality).
Younge, G. (1996) ‘The Gene Genies’, The Guardian, 1 May, 2–3.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1998 Mick McKeown and Mark Stowell-Smith
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
McKeown, M., Stowell-Smith, M. (1998). Language, Race and Forensic Psychiatry: Some Dilemmas for Anti-Discriminatory Practice. In: Mason, T., Mercer, D. (eds) Critical Perspectives in Forensic Care. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26104-8_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26104-8_12
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-69311-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-26104-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)