Abstract
Things — economic phenomena — change so rapidly in Japan these days that what are at the moment considered the most up-to-date developments are doomed to be outdated practically overnight. In 1985, I completed a report on Japan’s small multinationals for UNCTAD1 and thought I had captured the latest developments so that there would be no immediate need to update my analysis for a while, but my more recent trips to Japan have made me realise that more exciting changes are in the making in Japan’s small business sector, along with its large business sector — especially under the pressure of the ever-soaring yen, the pressure that has been letting market forces dictate the course of the Japanese economy in an unprecedented fashion.
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Notes
Terutomo Ozawa, ‘International Transfer of Technology by Japan’s Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries’, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (Paris, 1985).
Osawa (1985). Also see Terutomo Ozawa, Multinationalism, Japanese Style: The Political Economy of Outward Dependency (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979).
John H. Dunning, International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1981).
Small Business Corporation, Chushokigyo Kaigai Shinshutsu Jireishu (case studies on small and medium firms’ overseas operations), SBC (Tokyo, 1986), and Japan Overseas Development Corporation, Chushokigyo Kaigai Toshi Kyoryoku Shikin Yushi Jigyo Jireishu (case studies on small and medium firms’ overseas investment and loans from the cooperation funds) (Tokyo: JODC, 1984).
Joseph A. Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 1949), p. 93.
Shoko Sogo Kenkyusho, Chushokigyo Shinjidai (A New Era for Small and Medium Firms) (Tokyo: Nikkan Kogyo Press, 1988), pp. 44–52.
See, for example, Kazuo Koike, ‘Human Resource Development and Labor-Management Relations,’ in Kozo Yamamura and Yasukichi Yasuba, The Political Economy of Japan, Vol. 1. The Domestic Transformation (Stanford: Standford University Press, 1987), pp. 291–321. Also, Shinichi Ichimura (ed.), Azia ni Nezuku Nihonteki Keiei (Japanese-Style Management Takes Root in Asia) (Tokyo: Tokyo Keizai Shinposha, 1988).
M. Aoki, ‘Innovative adaptation through the quasi-tree structure: An emerging aspect of Japanese enterpreneurship’, Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie, vol. (4, 1984), pp. 25–35.
Raymond Vernon, ‘International Investment and International Trade in the Product Life Cycle’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 80 (1966), pp. 190–207.
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© 1997 Peter J. Buckley, Jaime Campos, Hafiz Mirza and the estate of Eduardo White
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Ozawa, T. (1997). The Case of Japan. In: Buckley, P.J., Campos, J., Mirza, H., White, E. (eds) International Technology Transfer by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25686-0_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25686-0_8
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