Abstract
Babeuf was dead, but the problem did not go away. Was the Revolution completed, or was it just the forerunner of a final revolution to come, as Maréchal had predicted? Over the next two centuries the Revolution’s children — parliamentary democracy and the market economy — showed their strengths and their limitations. Through the struggles of 1848 and 1871 the working-class movement emerged as a major political force. The patriotism of 1793 gave way to the nationalism of 1914. The Russian Revolution of 1917 aroused and then dashed hopes that it was to be the successor that Maréchal had looked to.
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Notes
F. Furet in F. Furet & M. Ozouf (eds), The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture (Oxford, 1989), III: 507.
H. Balzac, La comédie humaine (Paris, 1977), VIII: 507, 649.
Guizot, L’histoire de France depuis 1789 jusqu’en 1848 (Paris, 1878), p. 382.
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A. Saitta, Filippo Buonarroti (Rome, 1950–1), I: 6, II: 149.
See A. Galante Garrone, Buonarroti e Babeuf (Turin, 1948).
J. B. O’Brien, A Dissertation and Elegy on the Life and Death of the Immortal Maximilian Robespierre (London, 1859), p. 7.
P. Buonarroti, Observations sur Maximilien Robespierre, (Chalon-sur-Saône, 1912), p. 6.
Cabet, Histoire populaire de la révolution française (Paris, 1839–40), IV: 328–34;
see also Cabet, Voyage en Icarie (Paris, 1848), p. 515.
J. Grandjonc, Communisme/Kommunismus/Communism (Trier, 1989), I: 151.
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D. Guérin, Proudhon oui et non (Paris, 1978), pp. 123–7; see also Présence, pp. 281–4.
A. B. Spitzer, The Revolutionary Theories of Louis Auguste Blanqui (New York, 1957), pp. 126–7.
28 April, 1879; cited S. Bernstein, Auguste Blanqui and the Art of Insurrection (London, 1971), p. 45.
G. Duveau, 1848: The Making of a Revolution (London, 1967), pp. 211–12.
A. Mathiez, Etudes sur Robespierre, (Paris, 1958), p. 252.
W. Markov, ‘L’affaire Babeuf vue de Hambourg (1796–1797)’, AHRF 162 (1960), pp. 507–13.
H. Heine, Religion and Philosophy in Germany (Boston, 1959), p. 109.
L. Stein, Der Socialismus und Communismus des heutigen Frankreichs (Leipzig, 1842), pp. 362, 368.
J. H. Billington, Fire in the Minds of Men (London, 1980), p. 233.
M. Hess, Philosophische und sozialistische Schriften (Vaduz, 1980), pp. 199, 201, 205.
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© 1997 Ian H. Birchall
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Birchall, I.H. (1997). First Opinions. In: The Spectre of Babeuf. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25599-3_6
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