Gertrude Stein (1874–1946)

Abstract

Gertrude Stein emigrated from the United States to Paris a decade before the outbreak of the First World War and, with her lover, Alice B. Toklas, was at the center of the international modernist literary movement until her death, shortly after the end of the Second World War. In her memoir, The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas, written from Alice’s point of view, she recalls their war-time service driving an ambulance for an American volunteer ambulance group, activities which resulted in their both being decorated by the French government.