Abstract
The special characteristics of services influence their mode of delivery and the manner in which they are measured and identified in international trade. The discussion in Chapter 1 has revealed that the provision of most services demands close proximity, in terms of both time and space, between the provider and the consumer. The need for such direct interaction between production and consumption implies that in most circumstances the delivery of services across countries cannot be completed without the movement of persons. In such cases the service provider, or the consumer, ‘carries the border with him or her’.
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Notes and References
UNCTC, Transnational Corporations, Services and the Uruguay Round. (United Nations publication, 1990. Sales No. E.90.11.A. 11) p. 30.
International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments Manual, 5th edition (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, 1993) pp. 43–44.
See, in this connection, International Trade (Geneva: GATT, 1989) p. 29; also UNCTAD/World Bank, Liberalizing International Transactions in Services (United Nations, New York and Geneva, 1994) p. 11.
Ghosh, Bimal. ‘Economic Migration and the Sending Countries’, paper presented at the 15th Conference of the Belgian-Dutch Association for Post-Keynsian Economics, University of Antwerp (Belgium: November 1994).
IMF, World Current Account Discrepancy (Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, 1987).
UNDP, Human Development Report 1992 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992) p. 58.
Zang Ningxiang, Chu Chanbyou and Xu Dansong, ‘Labour Service Exports from China: Present Situation and Future Potential’ (1992). Cited in UNCTAD, ‘Temporary Movements of Persons as Service Providers’, TD/B/CN.4/24 (September 1993).
See, for example, Thierry Noyelle, ‘Computer Software and Computer Services in Five Asian Countries’ in UNCTAD, Services in Asia and the Pacific: Selected Papers, 1, UNCTAD/ITP/51 (New York: United Nations, 1990).
UNCTC, Transnational Corporations, Services and the Uruguay Round (1990) op. cit. p. 154.
See, in this connection, UNCTAD, ‘Studies on Sectors of Priority Interest to Developing Countries: Issues Relating to the Export of Labour-intensive Services’, TD/B/1316 (24 February 1992).
For a differentiation between migration driven by unemployment and poverty (survival migration) and opportunity-seeking migration, see Bimal Ghosh ‘Migration, Trade and International Co-operation: Do the Inter-linkages Work?’ in International Migration, XXX: 3/4 1992; also ‘Economic Migration and the Sending Countries’ (1994) op. cit.
See, in this connection, Bimal Ghosh ‘The Future of East-West Migration’, p. 241 in Salon Ardittis (ed.), The Politics of East-West Migration (London: The Macmillan Press, New York: St. Martin Press, 1994); and ‘Economic Migration and the Sending Countries’ op. cit.
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© 1997 International Organization for Migration
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Ghosh, B. (1997). Trade in Services and the Global Economy. In: Gains from Global Linkages. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25422-4_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25422-4_3
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