Abstract
Following ten years of internal conflict and US-sponsored aggression, Nicaragua’s external debt totalled $11 695 million in 1990 (CEPAL 1994). The Chamorro government inherited a very fragile political and economic system. Chamorro, however, had neither a well-elaborated strategy for Nicaragua’s political and economic development nor a well-defined social programme when she took office in March 1990. Rather, the economic programme was a response to external pressure and elite insecurity.1 As time progressed it became evident that the Chamorro government was formulating a neoliberal development strategy for the agrarian sector that favours private agroexport production at the expense of both internal market development and the reformed sector, the sector created by the agrarian reform land redistributions during the Sandinista revolution (Escoto and Amador 1990). For example, Central Bank figures show that credit for agricultural production decreased by 43 per cent in 1992, with loan preferences given to large producers (FIDEG 1994: 8).
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aguilar, Renata and Asa Stenman. 1994. Nicaragua 1994: Back into the Ranks. Gothenburg, Sweden: Department of Economic University of Gothenburg.
Alvarez, Sonia E. 1990. Engendering Democracy in Brazil. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Banco Central de Nicaragua. 1994. Report. Managua.
Baumeister, Eduardo. 1991. ‘Agrarian Reform’, in Thomas W. Walker (ed.), Revolution and Counterrevolution in Nicaragua. Boulder, CO: Westview Press: 229–47.
Baumeister, Eduardo and Oscar Neira Cuadra. 1986. ‘The Making of a Mixed Economy: Class Struggle and State Policy in the Nicaraguan Transition’, in Richard R. Fagen, Carmen Diana Deere and José Luis Coraggio (eds), Transition and Development: Problems of Third World Socialism. New York: Monthly Review Press and Center for the Study of the Americas: 171–91.
Boserup, Ester. 1970. Women’s Role in Economic Development. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Brydon, Lynne and Sylvia Chant. 1989. Women in the Third World. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
Castro, Vanessa. 1992. ‘Electoral Results in the Rural Sector’, in Vanessa Castro and Gary Prevost (eds), The 1990 Elections in Nicaragua and their Aftermath. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc.: 129–47.
Castro, Vanessa and Gary Prevost (eds), The 1990 Elections in Nicaragua and their Aftermath. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. CEPAL. 1994. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America. Economic Panorama of Latin America. Santiago, Chile: United Nations.
Chinchilla, Norma. 1990. ‘Revolutionary Popular Feminism in Nicaragua: Articulating Class, Gender, and National Sovereignty’. Gender and Society, 4 (3), September: 370–97.
Chuchryk, Patricia. 1991. ‘Women in the Revolution’. In Thomas W. Walker (ed.), Revolution and Counterrevolution in Nicaragua. Boulder, CO: Westview Press: 143–66.
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency). 1994. World Fact Book 1994. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency.
CIERA (Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios de Reforma Agraria). 1984.
CIERA.Las Mujeres en Cooperativas Agropecuarias en Nicaragua. Managua: CIERA. CIERA. 1990. ‘Tough Row to Hoe: Women in Nicaragua’s Agricultural co-operatives’, in Kathleen Staudt (ed.), Women, International Development and Politics: The Bureaucratic Mire. Philadelphia: Temple University Press,181–201.
CIPRES (Centro para la InvestigaciSn, la Promociôn, y el Desarrollo Rural y Social). 1990. ‘La instabilidad politica y su impacto socioeconômico en el campo’. Managua: CIPRES, October.
CIPRES. 1992. El Acceso de la Mujer a la Tierra en Nicaragua. San José, Costa Rica: Fundaciôn Arias Para la Paz y el Progreso Humano, CIPRES.
Cofré, Jaime. 1992. ‘La Titulaciôn Asegura la Tenencia de la Tierra’. Teosintle. 11–12, December: 3–5.
Criquillon, Ana. 1989. ‘La rebeldia de las mujeres nicaragûenses: semillero de una nueva democracia’, in Construction de la Democracia en Nicaragua, Escuela de Sociologia de la Universidad Centroamericana. Managua, Nicaragua.
Enloe, Cynthia. 1989. Bananas, Bases and Beaches. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Escoto, René and Freddy Amador. 1990. El Contexto Macroeconomico de la Reforma Agraria. Managua: Departamento Economia Agricola de la Facultad de Ciencias Economicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Nicaragua.
FIDEG. 1994. ‘EI Observador Economica’. Nicaragua.
Harding, Sandra and Merrill Hintikka (eds). 1983. Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Hartsock, Nancy C. M. 1983a. Money, Sex, and Power: Toward a Feminist Historical Materialism. New York: Longman.
Hartsock, Nancy C. M. 1983b. ‘The Nature of Standpoint’. In Sandra Harding and Merrill Hintikka (eds). Discovering Reality: Feminist Perspectives on Epistemology, Metaphysics, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. Dordrecht: Reidel: 283–310.
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 1991a. Report cited in Envio, 12: 28–9.
Joekes, Susan. 1987. Women and the World Economy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mies, Maria. 1986. Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale. New Jersey: Zed Books.
Ministry of Labour. 1994. ‘La Situacion del Empleo Urbano en Nicaragua: Resumen Global de ocho ciudades’. Mimeograph. Managua: Ministry of Labour.
Mohanty, Chandra (ed). 1991. Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Indiana: Indiana University Press.
Molyneux, Maxine. 1982 ‘Mobilization Without Emancipation? Women’s Interests, State, and Revolution.’ In Richard R. Fagen et al. (eds), Transition and Development: Problems of Third World Socialism. New York: Monthly Review Press and Center for the Study of the Americas: 280–302.
Molyneux, Maxine. 1985. ‘Women’. In Thomas W. Walker (ed.), Nicaragua: The First Five Years. New York: Praeger: 145–162.
Padilla, Martha Luz and Nyurka Pérez. 1981. ‘La Mujer Semi-Proletaria’. CIERA.
Padilla, Martha Luz, Clara Marguialday and Ana Criquillon (eds). 1987. ‘Impact of the Sandinista Agrarian Reform on Rural Women’s Subordination’, in Carmen Diana Deere and Magdalena Leon (eds). Rural Women and State Policy. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Parpart, Jane and Kathleen A. Staudt (eds). 1989. Women and the State in Africa. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner.
Pérez Alemân, Paola. 1990. Organizaciôn, Identidad y Cambio: Las Campesinas en Nicaragua. Managua: Centro de Investigacion Accion para la Promocion de los Derechos de la Mujer. Nicaragua: CLAM.
Peterson, V. Spike and Anne Sisson Runyon. 1993. Global Gender Issues. Boulder, CO. Westview Press.
Renzi, Maria Rosa and Sonia Agurto. 1994. iQué Hace la Mujer Nicaragüense ante la Crisis Econômica? Managua: Fundacion Internacional para el Dasafio Economico Global.
Ricciardi, Joseph. 1991. ‘Economic Policy’. In Thomas W. Walker (ed.), Revolution and Counterrevolution. Boulder, CO: Westview Press: 247–74.
Schrieberg, David. 1992. ‘Nicaragua: After the Sandinistas’. The Atlantic, 270 (1), 1 July: 24.
Serra, Luis Hector. 1991. ‘The Grass-Roots Organizations’. In Thomas W. Walker, (ed.), Revolution and Counterrevolution in Nicaragua. Boulder, CO. Westview Press: 49–76.
Spalding, Rose J. 1995. ‘Economic Elites: The Chamorro years’. Paper presented at the Latin American Studies Association Meetings, Washington, DC.
Standing, Guy. 1989. ‘Global Feminization through Flexible Labor’, World Development, 17, 7 1077–95.
Tinker, Irene (ed.). 1990. Persistent Inequalities. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 1992. Human Development Report. New York: Oxford Press for the UNDP.
Vargas, Virginia. 1989. El Aparte de la Rebeldia de Las Mujeres. Santo Domingo: CIPAF.
Vickers, George R. and Jack Spence. 1992. ‘Nicaragua: Two Years After the Fall’. World Policy Journal, 9 (3): 533–62.
Walker, Thomas W. (ed.). 1991 Revolution and Counterrevolution in Nicaragua. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Williams, Harvey. 1991. ‘Social Reforms’. In Thomas W. Walker (ed.), Revolution and Counterrevolution in Nicaragua. Boulder: Westview Press: 187–212.
Witness for Peace. 1995. ‘Structural Adjustment in Nicaragua’. Managua: Witness for Peace.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1997 Gary Prevost and Harry E. Vanden
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Metoyer, C.C. (1997). Nicaragua’s Transition of State Power: Through Feminist Lenses. In: Prevost, G., Vanden, H.E. (eds) The Undermining of the Sandinista Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25292-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25292-3_5
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-25294-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-25292-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)