Abstract
When we get around to creating the perfect world every ethnic, racial, religious, linguistic or national group that wishes to have an independent state will be readily able to do so. Until then, issues of self-determination will remain clouded by historical memory (real and imagined), geopolitics, race nationalism, cultural and/or linguistic chauvinism, security concerns, and much more. Tibet is just one of the many instances where the imperfections of our world make the question of self-determination so complex.
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Notes
There have been only three general, comprehensive histories of Tibet in Western languages and they are all, now, outdated: Hugh E. Richardson, A Short History of Tibet (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1962)
Tsepon W.D. Shakapba, Tibet. A Political History (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1967)
A. Tom Grunfeld, The Making of Modern Tibet (London: Zed Books, 1987).
Tenzin Gyatso, the Dalai Lama, Freedom in Exile. The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama (New York: HarperCollins, 1990), pp. 222–223.
His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Collected Statements, Interviews and Articles (Dharamsala: The Information Office of His Holiness the Dalai Laina, 1982), p. 51.
Dawa Norbu, ‘China’s Dialogue with the Dalai Lama 1978–1990: Prenegotiation Stage or Dead End?’ Pacific Affairs, Vol. 64, No. 3, Fall 1991, p. 369.
See Roger Hicks and Ngakpa Chogyam, Great Ocean. An Authorized Biography of the Buddhist Monk Tenzin Gyatso, His Holiness the Fourteenth Dalai Lama (Longmead, UK: Element Books, 1984), pp. 198–199.
Melvyn C. Goldstein, ‘The Dragon and the Snow Lion: The Tibet Question in the 20th Century,’ in Anthony J. Kane (ed.), China Briefing 1990 (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1990), p. 150.
Robert Delfs, ‘Tibet’s Turbulent Monks,’ Far Eastern Economic Review, October 15, 1987, pp. 8–10.
‘Human Rights Situation of the Tibetan People,’ Department of State Bulletin, Vol. 87, No. 2129, December 1987, p. 50; Elaine Sciolino, ‘US Official Defends Stance on Turmoil in Tibet,’ The New York Times, October 15, 1987, p. A18.
Sanjoy Hazorika, ‘Dalai Lama Urges Peaceful Protest,’ The New York Times, October 8, 1987, p. A8.
A. Tom Grunfeld, ‘Letter to the Editor,’ The New York Times, March 23, 1988, p. A26.
Salamat Ah and Robert Delfs, ‘One Game, Two Courts,’ Far Eastern Economic Review, October 6, 1988, p. 33.
Quoted in Ming Pao, June 2, 1988, in SWB, Part III, Far East, FE/0169-B2/ 1, June 4, 1988. For an excellent description of events inside Tibet during the 1980s see Tseten Wangchuk Sharlho, ‘China’s Reforms in Tibet: Issues and Dilemmas,’ The Journal of Contemporary China, Vol. 1, No. 1, Fall 1992, pp. 34–60.
Sheila Rule, ‘How, And Why, the Dalai Lama Won the Peace Prize,’ The New York Times, October 13, 1989, p. A14.
Gwen Ifill, ‘Lawmakers Cheer Tibetan in Capitol Rotunda,’ The New York Times, April 19, 1991, p. A7; TB, May–June 1991, p. 16; TR, Vol. 26, No. 5, May 1991, p. 6; author’s interviews with State Department officials on the China Desk, March 9, 1992.
Fan Cheukwan, ‘Dalai Lama “Accused” of Blocking Talks,’ South China Morning Post, May 9, 1990, p. 6.
An L. Goldman, ‘Dalai Lama Appeals for Help in Going Home,’ The New York Times, October 10, 1991, p. A17
Gerald Renner, ‘Dalai Lama: Genial Manner, Serious Mission,’ The Hartford Courant, October 10, 1991, p. A15.
Nicholas D. Kristof, ‘Foreign Investors Pouring Into China,’ The New York Times, June 15, 1992, pp. D1, D6.
Mang Chunjian and Xeirab Nyima, ‘Human Rights in Tibet: Past and Present,’ BR, Vol. 35, No. 8, February 24–March 1, 1992, p. 27.
Graham Hutchings, ‘China’s Fury at Major’s Talk With God-King,’ The Daily Telegraph, December 6, 1991, p. 12.
Nicholas D. Kristof, ‘China Issues Rebuttal To Human Rights Critics,’ The New York Times, November 3, 1991, p. Al2.
Nicholas D. Kristof, ‘How Tiananmen Square Helped Support for Tibet,’ The New York Times, August 18, 1991, Section 4, p. 4.
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© 1997 Hafeez Malik
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Grunfeld, A.T. (1997). Problems of Self-Determination in Tibet. In: Malik, H. (eds) The Roles of the United States, Russia and China in the New World Order. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25189-6_11
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