Abstract
Attempts by Edward III to solve England’s Irish problem were of little avail. A resurgence was taking place within native Ireland over which neither he nor his ministers had any control. This was a political resurgence, and it was also a cultural one. While Lionel of Clarence was in Ireland trying to stem the tide, a Gaelic poet, in an inauguration ode for Niall Mór Ua Néill, wrote that ‘Ireland is a woman risen again from the horrors of reproach … she was owned for a while by foreigners, she belongs to Irishmen now.’1 Yet, the poet was wrong. This Irish resurgence freed them in a sense from the shackles of English lordship, but this did not result in a universal recovery of land. In later medieval Ireland, with few exceptions, the most important men remained Anglo-Irish lords: the Geraldine earls of Kildare and Desmond, the Butler earls of Ormond, the various branches of the de Burghs in Connacht, the Tuits in Meath, the Savage family in Ulster, the le Poer family in Waterford, the Barrys and Roches in Cork, and others besides.
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Notes and references
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See, for example, J. L. Bolton, The Medieval English Economy 1150–1500 (London: Everyman University Paperback, 1980), chap. 7.
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For a detailed study of this in an English context, see Christopher Dyer, Standards of Living in the Later Middle Ages (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).
See T. B. Barry, The Archaeology of Medieval Ireland (London: Methuen, 1987), chap. 7.
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A view propounded by Edmund Curtis who gave the title ‘Aristocratic Home Rule’ to the appropriate chapter of his History of Mediaeval Ireland (Dublin: Maunsel & Roberts, 1923), chap. XIII; see now, James Lydon, ‘Ireland and the English crown, 1171–1541’, Irish Historical Studies, 29 (1994–5), 281–94.
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© 1997 Seán Duffy
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Duffy, S. (1997). Equilibrium. In: Ireland in the Middle Ages. British History in Perspective. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25171-1_8
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