Abstract
The break-up of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia sparked off a general intellectual panic about nationalism, a subject already under review for various reasons. When intellectuals panic, the academies rain paper.1 There have been special issues on nationalism from a score of journals, frequent reprintings of modern classics on the subject and too many articles to read in one lifetime.
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Notes
See, for example, Maria Stone, ‘Nationalism and Identity in (Former) East Germany’, Tikkun, 7 (1992), 41–6.
feminist objections to nationalism in an African-American context are explored in E. Frances White, ‘Africa on my Mind: Gender, Counter Discourse and African-American Nationalism’, Journal of Women’s History, 2 (1990), 73–97.
Branka Magas, ‘The Destruction of Bosnia-Herzegovina’, New Left Review, No. 196, (November/December 1992), 103.
Robert D. Kaplan, ‘History’s Cauldron’, The Atlantic Monthly (June 1991), 93–104; my italics.
Daniel-Louis Seiler, ‘Inter-Ethnic Relations in East Central Europe: The Quest for a Pattern of Accommodation’. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 26 (December 1993), 366.
Murray Austin. ‘Geographical Perspectives of Nationalism’, History of European Ideas, 15 (1992), 625.
George M. Scott, Jr., ‘A Resynthesis of the Primordial and Circumstantial Approaches to Ethnic Group Solidarity: Towards an Explanatory Model’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, No. 2, 13 (April 1990), 164.
Stephen Howe, ‘The New Xénophobes’, The Atlantic Monthly (June 1991), 14.
Tom Nairn, ‘Internationalism and the Second Coming’, Daedalus (Summer 1993), 155.
J.F. Brown [senior staff member, RAND Corporation], ‘The Resurgence of Nationalism’, Report on Eastern Europe (14 June 1991), 37.
John A. Hall, ‘Nationalisms: Classified and Explained’, Daedalus (Summer 1993), 22.
Aviel Roshwald, ‘Untangling the Knotted Cord: Studies of Nationalism’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 24 (Autumn 1993), 303.
Miroslav Hroch, ‘From National Movement to Fully Formed Nation’, New Left Review, 198 (1993), 6–7.
E. Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1983).
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. ed. (London: Verso, 1991).
L. Greenfeld, Nationalism, Five Roads to Modernity (Cambridge MA and London: Harvard University Press, 1992).
K. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication: an Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality, 2nd ed. (Cambridge MA: M.I.T. Press, 1966).
Shlomo Avineri, ‘Marxism and Nationalism’, Journal of Contemporary History, 26 (1991), 652.
N. Etherington, Theories of Imperialism: War Conquest and Capital (London and New York: Croom Helm and Barnes & Noble, 1984), pp. 193, 197–8.
P.F. Dostal and Hans Knippenberg, ‘Russification of Soviet Nationalities: The Importance of Territorial Autonomy’, History of European Ideas, 15 (1992), 631.
Pragmatism and opportunism in Lenin’s nationality policies are emphasised in B. Williams, ‘Lenin and the Problem of Nationalities’, History of European Ideas, 15 (1992), 611–17.
See: D.G. Rowley, ‘Russian Nationalism and the Cold War’, American Historical Review, 99 (1994), 155–71
F.S. Zuckerman, ‘To Justify a Nation: Inter-war Soviet Nationalism’, History of European Ideas, 15 (1992), 383–90
G. Liber, ‘Korenizatsiia: Restructuring Soviet Nationality Policy in the 1920s’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 14 (1991), 15–23.
Lee Schwartz, ‘Regional Population Redistribution and National Homelands in the USSR’, in Henry R. Huttenbach (ed.), Soviet Nationality Policies: Ruling Groups in the USSR (London and New York: Mansell, 1990), pp. 121–61
T. Hodgkin, Nationalism in Colonial Africa (London: Muller, 1956).
See G.W. Lapidus ‘Gorbachev’s Nationalities Problem’, Foreign Affairs, 68 (Fall 1989), 92–108.
For a summary of linguistic, religious and other ethnic markers, see Ivo Banac, The National Question in Yugoslavia (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1984), pp. 47–58.
Aleksa Djilas, The Contested Country, Yugoslav Unity and Communist Revolution, 1919–1953 (Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1991), p. 24.
For the view that Tito ran a standard-issue Marxist-Leninist dictatorship, see A.N. Dragnich, Serbs and Croats, The Struggle in Yugoslavia (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1992).
A similar, though more nuanced view is put forward by J. Seroka, ‘The Political Future of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and the Critical Years, 1989–1991’, Canadian Review of Studies in Nationalism, 19 (1992), 151–9.
S. Ramet, Balkan Babel, Politics, Culture and Religion in Yugoslavia (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992), p. xi.
See also D. Sekulic, G. Massey and R. Hodson, ‘Who were the Yugoslavs? Failed Sources of a Common Identity in the Former Yugoslavia’, American Sociological Review, 59 (1994), 83, who assert that ‘the identification of people with their nationality was accepted [by the Communist Party] to the neglect of an identity associated with the state as a whole’.
See Serge Fiere, ‘Explaining Ethnic Antagonism in Yugoslavia’, European Sociological Review, 7 (1991), 183–93.
Robin Blackburn, ‘The Break-up of Yugoslavia and the Fate of Bosnia’, New Left Review, 199 (1993), 102–3.
Vladimir Tikhomirov, States in Transition: Russia and South Africa (Bryanston, South Africa: International Freedom Foundation, 1992).
As, for example, was done by F. Van Jaarsveld, The Awakening of Afrikaner Nationalism (Cape Town: Human and Rousseau, 1961).
The urban factor in the manufacture of nationalism is examined by Alexander B. Murphy in ‘Urbanism and the Diffusion of Substate Nationalist Ideas in Western Europe’, History of European Ideas, 15 (1992), 639–49.
Jim Smyth, ‘Nationalist Nightmares and Postmodernist Utopias: Irish Society in Transition’, History of European Ideas, 16 (1993), 157–63.
Robert A. Licht, ‘Israel among the Nationalisms’, First Things, A Monthly Journal, 12 (1991), 30.
Benjamin Barber, ‘Jihad Vs McWorld’, Atlantic Monthly (March 1992).
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Etherington, N. (1996). Ethnic Fragmentation: Why South Africa Probably Won’t Follow the Yugoslav or Soviet Route. In: Rich, P.B. (eds) Reaction and Renewal in South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24772-1_12
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