Abstract
The prosecution of the 1991 Gulf War by the US-led coalition was intended to serve a number of purposes. It was useful to demonstrate to the world that any grave threat to American interests would not be tolerated, particularly where these required the unimpeded supply of fuel to the world’s most energy-profligate nation. It was useful also to signal the new global power structure, the ‘New World Order’ in which a post-Cold War United States could operate without the bothersome constraint of another global superpower. It was essential in these circumstances that Iraq be mercilessly crushed. As the American academic and dissident Noam Chomsky pointed out, the much weaker opponent ‘must not merely be defeated but pulverised if the central lesson of World Order is to be learned: we are the masters and you shine our shoes’.1
Let me also make clear that the United States has no quarrel with the Iraqi people.
President George Bush, 1991
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Notes
A detailed account of how journalists were restricted in their efforts to cover the Gulf War is given by John R. MacArthur, Second Front, Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War, Hill & Wang, New York, 1992.
Karl Waldron, ‘Splintered remnants of a rout’, The Independent, London, 4 March 1991.
Nick Cohen and Tom Wilkie, ‘Gulf teams not told of risk from uranium’, The Independent on Sunday, London, 10 November 1991.
Mohamed Heikal, Illusions of Triumph, An Arab View of the Gulf War, HarperCollins, London, 1992, p. 289.
Lee Hockstader, ‘Health crisis looms in Baghdad’, The Guardian, London, 5 March 1991.
Safa Haeri, ‘Food and medicines “crucial” to save Iraq’, The Independent, London, 26 March 1991.
Ed Vulliamy, ‘Doctors find Iraq is slowly dying’, The Guardian, London, 16 April 1991.
Patrick Tyler, ‘Trade ban starves Iraqis’, The Guardian, London, 25 June 1991.
Sara Helm, ‘Child deaths “have trebled” since Gulf war’, The Independent, London, 20 September 1991.
Helga Graham, ‘Starving Iraqis riot as food crisis deepens’, The Observer, London, 3 November 1991.
Sara Helm, ‘Oxfam urges action to end Iraqi hardship’, The Independent, London, 21 November 1991.
Marie Colvin, ‘Saddam thrives as babies starve’, The Sunday Times, 1 December 1991.
Louise Cainkar, ‘Desert sin: a post-war journey through Iraq’, in Phyllis Bennis and Michel Moushabeck (eds), Beyond the Storm, A Gulf Crisis Reader, Canongate, London, 1992, pp. 335–55.
Patrick E. Tyler, ‘Bush links ending of trading ban to Hussein exit’, The New York Times, 21 May 1991.
Helga Graham, ‘King Hussein bursts sanctions to rebuild Saddam’s power’, The Observer, London, 23 June 1991.
Robert Fisk, ‘Families vanish in tragedy without end’, The Independent, London, 8 March 1991.
Matthew Engel, ‘Tensions between Kuwaitis and Palestinians sour peace’, The Guardian, London, 6 March 1991.
Paul Taylor, ‘Gun law of avenging Kuwaitis’, The Independent, London, 20 March 1991.
Robert Block, ‘Torture of Palestinians “supported by military” ‘, The Independent, London, 21 March 1991.
Kathy Evans, ‘An emirate unfit for Palestinians’, The Guardian, London, 13 March 1991.
Ian Glover-James, ‘Iraqis live in fear as Kuwaitis take revenge’, The Sunday Times, London, 24 March 1991.
John Kifner, ‘US warns Kuwait to end Arab reprisals’, The Guardian, London, 4 April 1991; Kathy Evans, ‘Watchdogs on trial of Kuwaiti abuses’, The Guardian, London, 9 April 1991.
Shyam Bhatia, ‘Rapists run amok in Kuwait’, The Observer, London, 14 April 1991.
Khaled Ghaleb, ‘We toiled for them; now they curse us’, The Independent, London, 17 April 1991.
Michael Simmons, ‘Amnesty asks emir to help end torture’, The Guardian, London, 19 April 1991.
Robert Fisk, ‘Kuwait’s royal torturers’, The Independent, London, 27 April 1991.
Liz Thurgood, ‘Kuwait “condones” assaults on maids’, The Guardian, London, 15 April 1992.
Kathy Evans, ‘Deportations raise fresh questions on Kuwait army,’ The Guardian, London, 20 January 1993.
Julie Flint, ‘Iraq in open revolt’, The Observer, London, 3 March 1991.
David Beresford, Alfonso Rojo and Kathy Evans, ‘Iraq rebels appeal for allied help’, The Guardian, London, 4 March 1991.
Christopher Bellamy, Annika Savill and Safa Haeri, ‘Kurdish guerrillas attack army HQ’, The Independent, London, 6 March 1991.
Martin Woollacott, ‘Fragile union to oust a tyrant’, The Guardian, London, 11 March 1991.
Hella Pick, ‘Britain and US part over Iraqi rebels’, The Guardian, London, 13 March 1991.
Andrew Stephen, ‘George casts morals away’, The Observer, London, 7 April 1991.
Robert Fisk, The Independent, London, 30 May 1991; 31 May 1991; 3 June 1991.
Hugh Pope, ‘Kurds agonise over pact with Saddam’, The Independent, London, 26 June 1991.
Paul Rogers and Tony Mason, ‘Target behind the target’, The Guardian, London, 13 July 1991.
Rupert Cornwell, ‘Conflicting US signals on threats to Saddam’, The Independent, London, 21 September 1991.
Kurt Schork, ‘Kurds to pull their troops out of cities’, The Independent, London, 13 November 1991.
Julie Flint, ‘Iraq: US mobilises bombers’, The Observer, London, 15 March 1992.
Tom Wilkie, ‘Lilley admits error over Iraq exports’, The Independent, London, 9 August 1991.
Edward Lucas, ‘US reveals gremlins in Gulf war machine’, The Independent, London, 18 July 1991.
Edward Lucas, ‘US navy looks into war crime allegation’, The Independent, London, 13 June 1991.
Kathy Marks, ‘Bush fails to satisfy Gulf war families’, The Independent, London, 8 June 1992.
David Hirst, ‘Kurds reluctantly turn on northern kin’, The Guardian, London, 24 October 1992.
Hugh Pope, ‘Turks plan to set up “security zone” in Iraq’, The Independent, London, 6 November 1992.
Simon Tisdall, ‘Iraq MiG shot down by US jet’, The Guardian, London, 28 December 1992.
David Usborne, ‘Allies gave Iraq 24-hour ultimatum’, The Independent, London, 7 January 1993.
David Usbome, Robert Fisk and Christopher Bellamy, ‘Allies give Iraq a “spanking”’, The Independent, London, 14 January 1993.
Robert Fisk, ‘Showdown threat to Saddam’, The Independent, London, 15 January 1993.
Patrick Brogan, ‘Generals urge Bush to bomb Baghdad’, The Observer, London, 17 January 1993.
Martin Walker, ‘US to stand firm on Iraqi sanctions’, The Independent, London, 30 March 1993.
David Brown, ‘Iraq has the oil price over a barrel’, The Independent, London, 5 April 1993.
Simon Tisdall, ‘US threatens Iraq after attack on jets’, The Guardian, London, 10 April 1993.
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© 1996 Geoff Simons
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Simons, G. (1996). After the 1991 Gulf War. In: Iraq: From Sumer to Saddam. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24763-9_1
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