Skip to main content

Ecotourism: Toward a Policy of Economic Development and Environmental Balance in Latin America

  • Chapter
Book cover Latin American Development and Public Policy

Part of the book series: Policy Studies Organization Series ((PSOS))

  • 22 Accesses

Abstract

Tourism is big business. In 1989, an estimated $55 billion in tourist travel receipts was calculated for North and South America alone by the World Tourism Organization. Central American tourist receipts amounted to approximately $4.6 billion for the same year (World Tourism Organization, 1989). By 1990, tourism infused approximately $275 million into the Costa Rican economy and, for the first time, outranked coffee — $245 million in 1990 — as Costa Rica’s second largest foreign currency earner. Bananas still ranked first, bringing in $315 million in revenue to Costa Rica, but tourism’s position was very ‘respectable’ (Europa World Yearbook, 1992).

It is simply not enough to raise the funds, put a fence around the forest, and call it preserved. The economic and social pressures will inevitably unpreserve it. (Daniel Janzen)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • ALLEN, WILLIAM H. (1988) ‘Biocultural restoration of a tropical forest’, Bioscience, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 156–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • BLOWER, JOHN (1984) ‘National Parks for Developing Countries’, in J.A. McNeely and K.R. Miller (eds), National Parks, Conservation, and Development: The Role of Protected Areas in Sustaining Society (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • BOO, ELIZABETH (1990) Ecotourism: The Potentials and Pitfalls, vols I and II (Washington, DC: World Wildlife Fund).

    Google Scholar 

  • CAHN, PATRICIA and ROBERT CAHN (1987) ‘Costa Rica: Coast of Riches’, National Parks, vol. 67 (September–October) pp. 18–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • CEBALLOS-LASCURAIN, HECTOR (1988) ‘The Future of Ecotourism’, Mexico Journal, 17 January, pp. 13–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • CHOY, DEXTER J.L. (1992) ‘Life Cycle Models for Pacific Island Destinations’, Journal of Travel Research, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 26–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DWYER, VICTOR (1988) ‘Cheap conservation at $25 an acre’, Maclean’s, vol. 101, no. 15, p. 52.

    Google Scholar 

  • ECO INSTITUTE OF COSTA RICA (1991) ‘Costa Rica Think Tank Starts First Sustainable Tourism Initiative’, press release, November.

    Google Scholar 

  • EUROPA WORLD YEAR BOOK/1(1992) (London: Europa Publications Ltd).

    Google Scholar 

  • EVANS-PRITCHARD, DIEDRE (1992) interview conducted 17 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • GARCIA, MARCO (1991) ‘Ecotourism Development Project of Metropolitan Touring in the Ecuadorian Amazon’, paper presented at the 1991 World Congress on Adventure Travel and Ecotourism held on 28–31 August Colorado Springs, CO.

    Google Scholar 

  • HOOKER, RAY (1992) personal communication, 17 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN) (1985) United Nations List of National Parks and Protected Areas (Gland, Switzerland: IUCN).

    Google Scholar 

  • LAARMAN, JAN G. (1986) ‘Nature-Oriented Tourism in Costa Rica and Ecuador: Diagnosis of Research Needs and Project Opportunities’, FPEI Working Paper (Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University).

    Google Scholar 

  • LEFEVER, HARRY (1992) Turtle Bogue: Afro-Caribbean Life and Culture in a Costa Rican Village (Selingsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • LINDBERG, KREG (1991) Policies For Maximizing Nature Tourisms Ecological And Economic Benefits (Washington, DC: World Resources Institute).

    Google Scholar 

  • McNEELY, J.A., K.R. MILLER, W.V. REID, R.A. MITTERMEIER and T.B. WERNER (1990) Conserving the World’s Biological Diversity (Gland, Switzerland: IUCN).

    Google Scholar 

  • MYERS, N. (1988) ‘Threatened biotas: “hotspots” in tropical forests’, Environmentalist, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • OLINDO, PEREZ (1991) ‘The Old Man of Nature Tourism: Kenya’, in Tensie Whelan (ed.), Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment (Washington, DC: Island Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • RACHOWIECKI, ROB (1991) Costa Rica (Berkeley, CA: Lonely Planet Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • RACHOWIECKI, ROB (1992) Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands (Berkeley, CA: Lonely Planet Publications).

    Google Scholar 

  • RICHTER, LINDA K. (1989) The Politics of Tourism in Asia (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • ROVINSKI, YANINA (1991) ‘Private Reserves, Parks, and Ecotourism in Costa Rica’, in Tensie Whelan (ed.), Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment (Washington, DC: Island Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • SALAZAR, MAURICIO (1992) interview conducted 13 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • SMITH, GERI (1990–1) ‘A New Species of Tourist’, Americas, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 17–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • TANGLEY, LAURA (1988) ‘Studying (and saving) the tropics’, Bioscience, vol. 38 (June), pp. 375–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WHELAN, TENSIE (1987) ‘Conservation Means $$ in “Nature Tourism”’, The Tico Times, 23 October, p. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHELAN, TENSIE (1991) ‘Ecotourism and its Role in Sustainable Development’, in Tensie Whelan (ed.), Nature Tourism: Managing for the Environment (Washington, DC: Island Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • WILSON, MYSTIE (1987) ‘Nature Oriented Tourism in Ecuador: Assessment of Industry Structure and Development Needs’, FPEI Working Paper No. 20 (Raleigh, NC: North Carolina State University).

    Google Scholar 

  • WORLD BANK (1992) World Development Report 1992: Development and the Environment (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • WORLD COMMISSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (1987) Our Common Future (New York: Oxford University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (1989) Yearbook of Tourism Statistics/1 & II (Madrid: World Tourism Organization).

    Google Scholar 

  • ZIFFER, KAREN A. (1989) ‘Ecotourism: The Uneasy Alliance’, Working Papers (Washington, DC: Conservation International).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 1994 Policy Studies Organization

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zebich-Knos, M. (1994). Ecotourism: Toward a Policy of Economic Development and Environmental Balance in Latin America. In: Nagel, S.S. (eds) Latin American Development and Public Policy. Policy Studies Organization Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23449-3_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics