Abstract
External works describe primarily the areas immediately surrounding the building, and provisions include minor roads in a housing estate, paved areas, boundary walls, railings, fencings and turfed areas. The main causes of failure related to external works include poor design, bad workmanship, soil settlement, chemical attack on materials, weathering elements, mechanical damage and vandalism.
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Related and Further Reading
Asphalt Institute, USA. Asphalt in Pavement Maintenance. Manual Series No. 16 (MS-16) (March, 1983).
British Standards Institution. BS 4092: Part 1: 1966 Domestic front entrance gates: metal gates.
British Standards Institution. BS 4092: Part 2: 1966 Domestic front entrance gates: wooden gates.
British Standards Institution. BS 1446: 1973 Mastic asphalt (natural rock asphalt fine aggregate) for roads and footways.
British Standards Institution. BS 1722: Part 8: 1978 Mild steel (low carbon steel) continuous bar fences.
British Standards Institution. BS 1722: Part 9: 1979 Mild steel (low carbon steel) fences with round or square verticals and flat standards and horizontals.
British Standards Institution. 8S 5837: 1980 Code of Practice for trees in relation to construction.
British Standards Institution. BS 594: 1985 Hot rolled asphalt for roads and other paved areas.
British Standards Institution. 8S 1722: Part 1: 1986 Chain-link fences.
British Standards Institution. 8S 1722: Part 3: 1986 Strained wire fences.
British Standards Institution. 8S 1722: Part 5: 1986 Close-boarded fences.
British Standards Institution. 8S 1722: Part 7: 1986 Wooden posts and rail fences.
British Standards Institution. BS 1722: Part 11: 1986 Woven wood and lap boarded panel fences.
British Standards Institution. BS 1447: 1988 Mastic asphalt (limestone fine aggregate) for roads and footways and pavings in building.
British Standards Institution. BS 1722: Part 2: 1989 Rectangular wire mesh and hexagonal wire netting fences.
British Standards Institution. BS 5889: 1989 One-part gun grade silicone based sealants.
British Standards Institution. BS 1722: Part 10: 1990 Anti-intruder fences in chain-link and welded mesh.
British Standards Institution. BS 5212: 1990 Cold applied joint sealants for concrete pavements.
British Standards Institution. BS 7263 Precast concrete flags, kerbs, channels, edgings and quadrants. Part 1: 1990 Specification. Part 2: 1990 Code of Practice for laying.
Jaffa, G. Fencing - a new hurdle for maintenance costs to clear. Building Maintenance and Services, UK (May, 1978 ).
Kendrick, P. S. and Wignall, A. Roadworks - Theory and Practice. Heinemann, London (1981).
Mildenhall, H. S. and Northcott, G. D. S. A Manual for the Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Roads. Department of Transport, and Cement and Concrete Association, UK (1986).
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© 1993 Lee How Son and George C. S. Yuen
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Son, L.H., Yuen, G.C.S. (1993). External Works. In: Building Maintenance Technology. Macmillan Building and Surveying Series. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23150-8_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23150-8_15
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-48993-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-23150-8
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