Abstract
As Lord Tedder once remarked, pace Ronald Spector’s criticisms elsewhere in this volume:
Surely it is the problems of the early stages of the war which we should study. Those are the difficult problems, those are the practical problems which we and every democratic nation have to solve. There are no big battalions or blank cheques then. Here is the real and vital test of our defence policies.1
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Notes
Lord Tedder, Air Power in War (Lees-Knowles Lecture, London: Hodder liheng Stoughton, 1948)
cited by J.R.B. Butler, ‘Introduction’ in T.K. Derry, The Campaign in Norway ( London: HMSO, 1952 )
and in Butler, Grand Strategy vol.II (London: HMSO, 1957) p. xvii.
For Britain’s pre-war period, see R.J. Pritchard, ‘The Far East as an Influence on the Chamberlain Government’s Pre-war European Policies’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies I1:3 (1973–74) 7–23
For Britain’s pre-war period, see R.J. Pritchard, Far Eastern Influences upon British Strategy towards the Great Powers, 1937–1939 (London: Garland 1987) passim.
A.J. Marder, ‘Winston is Back’: Churchill at the Admiralty, 1939–1940’, English Historical Review, Supplement V ( London: Longman, 1972 ).
Pritchard, ‘The Tientsin Crisis: Bluff, Bluster and Blunderbuss Policies on the Eve of the European War’ in Proceedings of the British Association for Japanese Studies, VII:1, History and International Relations (1983) passim.
For an excellent recent review of the pre-war limitations on FDR, see D. Cameron Watt, How War Came ( London: Heinemann, 1989 ) pp. 255–70.
Prem. 1/345. See also R. Hough, Former Naval Person: Churchill and the Wars at Sea (London: Weidenfeld liheng Nicolson, 1985 ) pp. 156, 169.
Diary entry for 25 August 1939, cited in S.K. Roskill, Hankey: Man of Secrets, III, 1931–1963 ( London: Collins, 1974 ) p. 415.
P. Lowe, Great Britain and the Origins of the Pacific War: A Study of British Policy in East Asia, 1937–1941 ( Oxford: Clarendon, 1977 ) pp. 136–75;
N.B. Clifford, Retreat from China: British Policy in the Far East, 1937–1941 (London: Longmans, 1967) pp. 141–6, 150;
and P. Calvocoressi, G. Wint and J. Pritchard, Total War: The Causes and Courses of the Second World War, 2nd rev. edn. ( London: Viking, 1989 ) pp. 907–9.
See B. Gardner, Churchill in his Time: A Study in a Reputation, 1939–1945 ( London: Methuen, 1968 ) pp. 65–92;
R. Lamb, The Ghosts of Peace, 1935–1945 (Wilton: Michael Russell, 1987 ) pp. 130–46.
For a particularly interesting recent discussion of the significance of the ‘peace’ overtures, see J. Costello, Ten Days that Saved the West (London: Bantam, 1991) passim.
Affidavit [PX 840] and Testimony by J.G. Liebert, 22 October 1946, R.J. Pritchard and S.M. Zaide (eds) The Tokyo Trial: Proceedings of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East [hereafter IMTFE] (New York: Garland, 1981), 4, T. 8371–82; Testimony by Okada Kikusaburo, 13 March 1947, Ibid., 8, T18292–3, 18297–304.
W.S. Churchill, The Second World War, III, The Grand Alliance ( London: Cassell, 1950 ) p. 379.
Dill to Churchill, 15 May 1941, printed in J.R.M. Butler, Grand Strategy II (London: HMSO, 1957) pp. 580–1. See also DX 2848, Extract from Peace and War in Pritchard and Zaide, IMTFE 11, T. 25493–500.
Lecture by H. Probert, Post-Graduate Seminar on the History of Southeast Asia, School of Oriental and African Studies, 26 May 1992. See also M. Tsuji, Singapore, The Japanese Version (London: Constable, 1956) passim.
F.S. Northedge, The Troubled Giant: Britain among the Great Powers, 1916–1939 ( London: LSE/Bell, 1966 ) p. 471.
H. Channon, Chips: The Diaries of Sir Henry Channon (London: Weidenfeld liheng Nicolson, 1967) p. 322; Cosgrove, Churchill at War p. 19;
R.R. James, Churchill: A Study in Failure (London: Weidenfeld liheng Nicolson, 1970) passim.
D. Dilks (ed.), The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 1938–1945 (London: Cassell, 1971) pp. 290, 300–1, 347, 392; Gardner, Churchill in his Time p.166.
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Pritchard, J. (1994). Winston Churchill, the Military, and Imperial Defence in East Asia. In: Dockrill, S. (eds) From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23129-4_3
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