Abstract
Contemplating nineteenth-century Ukrainian history, one is struck by the importance of the Ukrainian triumvirate of Mykola Kostomarov (1817–85), Panteleimon Kulish (1819–97) and Taras Shevchenko (1814–61) in the creation of a new body of knowledge around which all subsequent Ukrainian experience has been centred. Kostomarov created a new paradigm of Ukrainian history based on contemporary standards of scholarship.1 Kulish played a key part in the codification of a Ukrainian prose canon; among his many accomplishments was a modern Ukrainian translation of the Bible.2 Shevchenko is the national poet analogous to Pushkin for the Russians, Mickiewicz for the Poles, Dante for the Italians. However, for Ukrainians, his importance is not limited to his poetic genius or to his role in the codification of modern Ukrainian.3 In addition, his incarceration and exile between 1847 and 1859, followed by his premature death in 1861 served as a metonym of a suffering nation.
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Notes
See George Luckyj, Panteleimon Kulish. A Sketch of Life and Times (Boulder, Colorado, 1983), pp. 141–95. The most complete bibliography of Kulish’s works remains P. Kyryliuk (ed.), ‘Bibliohrafiia prats’ P.O. Kulisha ta pysan’ pro n’oho’, Vypusk 2. Ukrains’ka bibliohrafiia (Kiev, 1929).
For a history of the Russian Imperial archives see Vladimir Stepanovich Ikonnikov, Opyt russkoi istoriografii. Tom pervyi, kniga pervaia (Kiev, 1891), pp. 100–577. The provision of textbooks, especially in Russian history, is dealt with in Desiatiletie Ministerstva Narodnago Prosveshche-niia 1833–1843. (Zapiska predstavlennaia Imperatoru Nikolaiu Pavlovichu Ministrom Narodnago Prosveshcheniia nadpis’iu Ego Velichestva ‘Chitalsudovol’stviem’) (St Petersburg, 1864), pp. 115–88.
On Lunin see V. P. Buzeskul, Istoricheskie etiudy (St Petersburg, 1911), pp. 248–301.
N.I. Kostomarov, Avtobiografiia N.J. Kostomarova (ed.) V. Kotel’nikov (Moscow, 1922), p.149.
N.I. Kostomarov, ‘Avtobiografiia Nikolaia Ivanovicha Kostomarova (ed.) V. Semevskii, Russkaia mysl’, May 1885, p. 203.
V. Shenrok, ‘P.A. Kulish. Biograficheskii ocherk’, Kievskaia starina, February 1901, pp. 153–79.
David Riesman, The Lonely Crowd. A Study of the Changing American Character (New Haven, 1950), p. 25.
On the relationship between Shevchenko and Hrebinka, see P. Fylypovych, ‘Shevchenko i Hrebinka’, Ukraina, nos. 1–2, 1925, pp. 24–36.
See S. D. Zubkov, Ievhen Pavlovych Hrebinka (Kiev, 1962), pp. 20–2.
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© 1993 International Council for Soviet and East European Studies, and Bohdan Krawchenko
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Pelech, O. (1993). The State and the Ukrainian Triumvirate in the Russian Empire, 1831–17. In: Krawchenko, B. (eds) Ukrainian Past, Ukrainian Present. Harrowgate. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22671-9_1
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