Abstract
By 1963, nonviolence had come of age. Launched on a mass scale in Montgomery in 1955-6, refined by the student sit-ins of 1960, the Freedom Rides of 1961 and the lessons of Albany, Georgia of 1962, militant nonviolent direct action had become a formidable weapon in the movement for black liberation. Having expanded their knowledge of the nonviolent method, King and SCLC would now confront the white racist community of Birmingham, Alabama.
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Notes
Michael Dorman, We Shal1 Overcome, (New York, 1964), p. 146.
Staughton Lynd, ed., Nonviolence in America: A Documentary History, (Indianapolis, Ind., 1966), pp. 459–60.
Robert Penn Warren, Who Speaks for the Negro?, (New York, 1965), p. 226.
Flip Schulke & Penelope McPhee, King Remembered, (New York, 1986), p. 127.
Lester A. Sobel, ed., Civil Rights, 1960–66, (New York, 1967), p. 181.
Richard Polenberg, One Nation Divisible, (New York, 1980), p. 184.
Leon Friedman, ed., The Civil Rights Reader: Basic Documents of the Civil Rights Movement, rev. ed. (New York, 1968), pp. 65–6.
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House, (Boston, 1965), p. 971.
Thomas R. Brooks, Walls Come Tumbling Down (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1974), p. 228.
Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Robert Kennedy and His Times, (Boston, 1978), p. 366.
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© 1988 James A. Colaiaco
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Colaiaco, J.A. (1988). Birmingham and the March on Washington, 1963. In: Martin Luther King, Jr.. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22642-9_5
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