Abstract
Both the Japanese and West German economies have experienced long periods of rapid growth since World War II. Until the first oil crisis of 1973, the average growth rates of 10 per cent in Japan and 4.5 per cent in West Germany had created the impression that their economic expansion was unlimited, although both had also experienced occasional mild recessions. Following the 1973 oil crisis, however, their growth rates fell to −1.2 per cent in Japan in 1974 and to −1.8 per cent in West Germany in 1975. Subsequently, these rates recovered to 4.7 per cent in Japan and 3.6 per cent in Germany later in the decade, but with declining trends in both cases.
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Nagahisa Hiraishi, Social Security (Tokyo: The Japan Institute of Labour, 1981);
and Haruo Shimada, ‘The Japanese Labor Market After the Oil Crisis: A Factual Report’, Keio Economic Studies, vol. 14, nos 1 and 2 (1977, 1978).
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Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Economic Outlook, 27, July 1980 (Paris: OECD, 1980), pp. 142–3.
For representative views stressing differences in initial conditions, see Keizai Kikakuchō [Economic Planning Agency: EPA], Sekai Keizai Hakusho: 55-nenban [White paper on the world economy, 1980 edition] (Tokyo: Ōkurashō Insatsukyoku, 1980), pp. 92–3;
and Takao Komine, Sekiyu to Nihon Keizai [Oil and the Japanese economy] (Tokyo: Tōyō Keizai Shimpōsha, 1982).
Wage equations have been studied by a number of academic economists and policy analysts, the latter often on behalf of government agencies such as the Ministry of Labour, the Economic Planning Agency, and the Bank of Japan. See Haruo Shimada, Earnings Structure and Human Investment: A Comparison Between the United States and Japan (Tokyo: Kōgakusha, 1981), Chapter III; Rōdōshō [Ministry of Labour], Rōdō Hakusho [Labour white paper], annual; and Keizai Kikakuchō, Keizai Hakusho [Economic white paper] (Tokyo: Ōkurashō, annual).
See, for example, Kazutoshi Koshiro, ‘Dainiji Sekiyu Kikika no Chingin Kettei’ [Wage determination during the second oil crisis], Nihon Rōdō Kyōkai Zasshi, vol. 22, no. 5 (May 1980), pp. 2–13; and Takao Komine, Sekiyu to Nihon Keizai, p. 108.
Masanori Hashimoto, ‘Bonus Payments, On-the-Job Training and Lifetime Employment in Japan’, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 87, no. 5, Part I (October 1979), pp. 1086–1104.
This view was expounded particularly by Kazutoshi Koshiro in his ‘Ryōkō na Koyō Kikai no Kishōsei to Nihonteki Rōshi Kankei’ [The scarcity of favourable employment opportunities and Japanese industrial relations], Nihon Rōdō Kyōkai Zasshi, vol. 24, no. 1 (January 1981).
The following discussion of the 1975 shuntō relies heavily on Yoshiyasu Matsumura and Jun Fujinaka, ‘Tenkanki ni okeru Chingin Kettei Kikō’ [The wage determination system in the period of transition] (Bachelor’s thesis, Department of Economics, Keio University, 1982).
See, in particular, the following works: Helga Grebing, The History of the German Labour Movement (London: Oswald Wolff, 1969);
Walter Kendall, The Labour Movement in Europe (London: Allen Lane, 1975);
Gerard Braunthal, ‘Codetermination in West Germany’, in James B. Christoph and Bernard E. Brown (eds), Cases in Comparative Politics, 3rd edn (Boston: Little, Brown, 1976);
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See Gerhard Lehmbruch, ‘Liberal Corporatism and Party Government’, Comparative Political Studies, vol. 10 (1977), pp. 91–126; and Lehmbruch and Schmitter (eds), Patterns of Corporatist Policy-Making.
Ulrich von Alemann and Rolf G. Heinze (eds), Verbände und Staat. Vom Pluralism zum Korporatismus, Analysen, Positionen, Dokumente (Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1979).
See Lehmbruch, ‘Liberal Corporation’; and Lehmbruch, ‘Neo-Corporatist Policy Formation in Western Europe: Areas of Inquiry and Theoretical Problems’ (Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, New York, 3–6 September 1981).
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© 1993 Haruhiro Fukui and Peter H. Merkl
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Raschke, F., Hancock, M.D., Shimada, H. (1993). Labour Markets and Wage Determination. In: Fukui, H., Merkl, P.H., Müller-Groeling, H., Watanabe, A. (eds) The Politics of Economic Change in Postwar Japan and West Germany. St Antony’s/Macmillan Series . Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22614-6_6
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