Abstract
‘There cannot be good laws where there are not good arms, and where there are good arms there must be good laws’, as Machiavelli wrote.1 In the circular explanations that reality sometimes requires, security, political development and the strength of the state are co-determined. Strong states both benefit from and assure their own security and that of their societies; political development is both enhanced by and results in a strong state. Furthermore, it is hard to conceive of ‘security’ and ‘political development’ as concepts independent of the related concept of ‘state’. Yet these concepts are not fully synonymous.
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Notes
Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (New York: Mentor, 1952), ch. 12, p. 72. I am grateful to Frederick Ehrenreich for the reference and other comments, and also to Michael Schatzberg for his comments on this chapter.
Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Skocpol (eds), Bringing the State Back In (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
See also Giacomo Luciani (ed.), The Arab State (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1990);
Bertrand Badie, Les deux Etats (Paris: Fayard, 1987);
Zaki Ergas (ed.), The African State in Transition (New York: Macillan, 1987);
and Jean-François Bayard, L’Etat en Afrique (Paris: Fayard, 1989).
I. William Zartman and Adeed Dawisha (eds), Beyond Coercion: The Durability of the Arab State (London: Croom Helm, 1988) p. 2; and Giacomo Luciani (ed.), The Arab State, p. xviii.
The subject goes back to Gabriel Almond and James Coleman (eds), The Politics of Developing Areas (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1960),
Gabriel Almond and Bingham Powell, Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach (Boston, Mass.: Little Brown, 1966); and subsequent literature in the same tradition.
See Ghassan Salame, ‘“Strong” and “Weak” States: A Qualified Return to the Muqaddimah’; and Elbaki Hermassi, ‘State-Building in the Maghreb’, in Ghassan Salame (ed.), The Foundations of the Arab State (London: Croom Helm, 1987).
For recent analyses of Tunisia and Morocco, see I. William Zartman (ed.), Tunisia: The Political Economy of Reform (Boulder, Col.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1990);
and I. William Zartman (ed.), The Political Economy of Morocco (New York: Praeger, 1987).
See I. William Zartman, Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Intervention in Africa, 2nd edn (New York: Oxford, 1989).
Remy Leveau, Le fellah marocain, défenceur du trone, 2nd edn (Paris: Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1985), esp. ch. 11.
For a recent survey of the Algerian system, see John Entelis, Algeria: The Revolution Institutionalized (Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1986).
Jean Leca, ‘Social Structure and Political Stability: Algeria, Syria and Iraq’, in Zartman and Dawisha (eds), Beyond Coercion; and Dirk Vandewalle, ‘Political Aspects of State-Building in Rentier Economies: Algeria and Libya’, in Hazem Beblawi and Giacomo Luciani (eds), The Rentier State (London: Croom Helm, 1987).
For a good background on contemporary Sudan, see Marc Lavergne (ed.), Le Soudan contemporain (Paris: Karthala, 1990);
on Libya, see Lillian Harris, Libya (Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1988).
William Foltz, ‘Libya’s Military Power’; Rene Lemarchand, ‘The Case of Chad’; and Ronald St. John, ‘The Libyan Debacle in Subsaharan Africa’, in Rene Lemarchand (ed.), The Green and the Black: Gadhafi’s Policies in Africa (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1988).
Olasegun Obasanjo, Francis Deng and I. William Zartman, Peacemaking in the Sudan (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1990);
see also Naomi Chazan, An Anatomy of Ghanaian Politics (Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1983).
Louis B. Ware, ‘The Role of the Tunisian Military in the Post-Bourguiba Era’, Middle East Journal, 39, 1 (Winter 1985) pp. 27–47.
Louis Ware, ‘Ben Ali’s Constitutional Coup’, and Dark Vandewalle, ‘From the New State to the New Era’, Middle East Journal, 42, 4 (Autumn 1988) pp. 587–601 and 602–20.
I. William Zartman, ‘L’armée dans la politique algerienne’, Annuaire de l’Afrique du Nord 1967 (Paris: CNRS, 1969); Zartman , ‘The Algerian Army in Transition’, in John Harbeson (ed.), The African Military in Politics (New York: Praeger, 1987);
and Zartman , ‘L’élite algerienne sous le president Chadli Ben Djedid’, Maghreb-Machrek, 106 (October 1984) pp. 37–53.
S.E. Finer, Men on Horseback (New York: Praeger, 1962);
William Gutteridge, Military Institutions and Power in the Third World (New York: Praeger, 1965);
J.M. Lee, Armies and Civil Order (New York: Praeger, 1969);
Leo Hamon (ed.), Le role extra-militaire de l’armée dans le Tiers Monde (Paris: PUF, 1966), with chapter on Morocco and Tunisia.
Jerome Bookin-Weiner, ‘The Green March in Historical Perspective’, Middle East Journal, 30, 1 (1979) pp. 20–33.
Ibrahim Gambari (ed.), On Security in Africa (Washington, DC: Brookings, 1990).
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© 1993 Bahgat Korany, Paul Noble and Rex Brynen
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Zartman, I.W. (1993). State-Building and the Military in Arab Africa. In: Korany, B., Noble, P., Brynen, R. (eds) The Many Faces of National Security in the Arab World. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22568-2_11
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