Skip to main content

Controlling Science and Technology: Popular and Radical Alternatives

  • Chapter
Science, Technology and Society

Part of the book series: Sociology for a Changing World ((SCW))

  • 17 Accesses

Abstract

Controlling science and technology is an exceptionally difficult task. Who or what should one control: scientists, their institutions, wider technological systems? And for what purpose: what direction are we to take, whose interests are we to serve? And since, as we have seen, science and technology are malleable, socially negotiated, institutionally located and without clear boundaries, then what is ‘it’ that we are trying to control?

We should be on our guard not to overestimate science and scientific methods when it is a question of human problems; and we should not assume that experts are the only ones who have a right to express themselves on questions affecting the organisation of society.

Albert Einstein (1949)

For ‘undue public concern’ one should always read ‘perfectly reasonable terror’.

Lucy Ellman (1990)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anderson, G. C. (1990) ‘Congress cracks down’, Nature, Vol. 343, 15 Feb. p. 580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beier, R. (ed.) (1986) Feminist Appoaches To Science (New York: Pergamon Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernal, J. D. (1939) Social Function of Science (London: Routledge).

    Google Scholar 

  • Boggs, C. (1986) Social Movements and Political Power (Philadelphia: Temple University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, N. (1985) The Political Economy of Science and Technology (Oxford: Blackwell).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole, J. (1979) Fair Science: Women in the Scientific Community (New York: Free Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, H. M. (1987) ‘Certainty and the Public Understanding of Science: Science on Television’, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 17, pp. 689–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corea, G. et al. (1985) Man-made Women (London: Hutchinson).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cromwell, G. (1989) ‘Government policy and alternative strategies for appropriate technology choice’, Science and Public Policy, Vol. 16 (4), pp. 202–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Delamont, S. (1987) ‘Three Blind Spots?’ Social Studies of Science, Vol. 17, pp. 163–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson, D. (1984) The New Politics of Science (New York: Pantheon).

    Google Scholar 

  • Einstein, A. (1946) ‘Why Socialism?’, Monthly Review (Hebrew University).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellman, L. (1990) Guardian, 5 Feb., p. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elzinga, A. (1988) ‘Bernalism, Comintern and the Sciences of Science: Central Science Movements Then and Now’, in J. Annerstadt and A. Jamison (eds), From Research Policy to Social Intelligence (London: Macmillan).

    Google Scholar 

  • French, R. D. (1975) Antivivisectionism and Medical Science in Victorian Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, D. (1985) ‘The exclusion of women from technology’, in W. Faulkner and E. Arnold (eds), Smothered by Invention (London: Pluto Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ince, M. (1986) The Politics of British Science (Brighton: Wheatsheaf).

    Google Scholar 

  • Inglehart, R. (1987) The Silent Revolution: Changing Values and Political Styles Among Western Publics (Princeton: Princeton University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, G. et al. (1978) The Presentation of Science by the Media (Primary Communications Research Centre: University of Leicester).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordanova, L. (1989) Sexual Visions: images of gender in science and medicine between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries (Brighton: Harvester Wheatsheaf).

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, E. F. (1985) Reflections on Gender and Science (London: Yale University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuznick, P. J. (1987) Beyond the Laboratory: scientists as political activists in 1930s America (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, G. (1986) ‘Regulatory Mechanisms and the Control of Medicinal Drugs — the case of DepoProvera’, Science, Technology Society Association Newsletter, no 24, Spring, pp. 43–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, P. and J. Goyder (1983) Environmental Groups in Politics (London: Allen & Unwin).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lukes, S. (1979) Power: A Radical View (London: Macmillan).

    Google Scholar 

  • McRobie, G. (1980) Small Is Possible (New York: Harper and Row).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelkin, D. (1984) Controversy (second edition) (London: Sage).

    Google Scholar 

  • Newby, H. (1987) Country Life (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson).

    Google Scholar 

  • Papadakis, E. (1988) ‘Social Movements, Self-Limiting Radicalism and the Green Party in West Germany’, Sociology, Vol. 22 (3), pp. 433–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petchesky, R. P. (1987) ‘Foetal Images: the Power of Visual Culture in the Politics of reproduction’, in M. Stanworth (ed) Reproductive Technologies (Cambridge: Polity Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravetz, J. R. (1982) ‘The social functions of science’, Science and Public Policy, Vol. 9 (5).

    Google Scholar 

  • Reskin, B. (1978) ‘Sex Discrimination and Social Organisation of Science’, in J. Gaston (ed), Sociology of Science (San Francisco: Jossey Bass).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, E. and J. Schuster (1989) ‘The Feminine Method as Myth and Accounting Resource’, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 19, pp. 697–720.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, H. and S. (eds) (1976) The Political Economy of Science (London: Macmillan).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rose, H. (1987) ‘Hand, Brain and Heart: A Feminist Epistemology for the Natural Sciences’, in S. Harding and J. F. O’Barr (eds), Sex and Scientific Inquiry (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Royal Society (1985) The Public Understanding of Science London).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rupke, N. (1987) (ed.), Vivisection in Historical Perspective (London: Croom Helm).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiebinger, L. (1987) ‘The History and Philosophy of Women In Science: A Review Essay’, in S. Harding and J. F. O’Barr (eds), Sex and Scientific Inquiry (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schumacher, E. F. (1973) Small Is Beautiful (Harmondsworth: Penguin).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanworth, M. (1987) (ed.), Reproductive Technologies (Cambridge: Polity Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Werskey, P. G. (1978) The Visible College (London: Allen Lane).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynne, B. (1988) ‘Unruly Technology: Practical Rules, Impractical Discourses and Public Understanding’, Social Studies of Science, Vol. 18, pp. 146–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Young, R. (1977) ‘Science is social relations’, Radical Science Journal, Vol. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoxen, E. (1988) Public Concern and the Steering of Science, SPSG Concept Paper no. 5 (London).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 1991 Andrew Webster

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Webster, A. (1991). Controlling Science and Technology: Popular and Radical Alternatives. In: Science, Technology and Society. Sociology for a Changing World. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21875-2_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics