Skip to main content

Part of the book series: International Political Economy Series ((IPES))

Abstract

Vietnamese foreign policy has been the product of the interaction between a strongly nationalist, self-confident Marxist-Leninist state and a largely hostile external environment. As the first such state in Southeast Asia Vietnam has been occupied, attacked, pressured and isolated by external powers ever since its founding in September 1945. In response to those external pressures the Vietnamese state generated domestic capabilities for the pursuit of security and autonomy that were unusually large, given the poverty of Vietnamese society. In combination with large-scale external assistance, those capabilities were sufficient to defeat larger external powers in two long wars fought in all three countries of Indo-China.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Bibliography

  • Benoit, Charles (1981), ‘Vietnam’s “Boat People”‘, in David W. P. Elliott (ed.), The Third Indochina Conflict (Boulder, Col.: Westview Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler, Steven (1987), ‘Scramble for Business with Hanoi’, Bangkok Post, 6 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chanda, Nayan (1986), Brother Enemy (San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, Paomin (1981), Beijing, Hanoi and the overseas Chinese (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, China Research Monograph, No. 24).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauncey, Helen (1988), ‘Vietnam and the United States’, The Wilson Center, Smithsonian Institution, Vietnam Today, Occasional Paper No. 34, August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donnell, John C. and Melvin Gurtov (1969), ‘North Vietnam: Left of Moscow, Right of Peking’, in Robert A. Scalapino (ed.), The Communist Revolution in Asia (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall).

    Google Scholar 

  • Duy Hoang (1979), ‘COMECON and Vietnam’, Vietnam Courier, No. 6, June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fall, Bernard B. (1956), The Viet Minh Regime: Government and Administration of the Democratic Republic of VietNam (New York: Institute of Pacific Relations).

    Google Scholar 

  • Girling, John L. S. (1968), ‘Northwest Thailand: Tomorrow’s Viet Nam?’ Foreign Affairs, Vol. XLVI, No. 2, January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurtov, Melvin (1975), China and Southeast Asia — The Politics of Survival (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ha Huu Son (1987), ‘Contributing Ideas to the Party Congress: The Farmers Feeling toward the Party’, Saigon Giai Phong, 27 October 1986, JPRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, A. M. and H. B. Friedman (1960), Communist Strategy in Laos (Santa Barbara, Calif.: The Rand Corporation).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanoi Domestic Service (1988), ‘Excerpts’ of article by Nhan Dan special correspondent, 14 June, Foreign Broadcast Infonmation Service, FBIS-EAST-88-118. 20 June 1988. 55–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haubold, Erhard (1987), ‘Let Us Count Your Dollars’, Frankfurter Allgemeine 9 January 1987 7–8 JPRS-SEA-87-026, 24 Feburary 102–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoang Chi (1987), ‘The World Situation and the Foreign Policy of Our Party and State’, Tap Chi Cong San, No. 8, August 1986, JPRS-SEA-86-208, 1 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoang Nguyen (1986), ‘Looking Back on the Diplomatic Front over the Past 40 Years’, Tap Chi Cong San, No. 11, November 1985, JPRS-SEA-86-034, 24 February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoang Van Thai (1983), Lien Minh Doan Ket Chien Dau Viet Nam-Lao-CamPuChia [The Vietnamese-Lao-Kampuchean Alliance for United Struggle] (Hanoi: Su That).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoang Tung (1978), The Tien Cong cua Ba Dong Thac Cach Mang [The Offensive Posture of the Three Revolutionary Currents] (Hanoi: Su That).

    Google Scholar 

  • Institute of International Relations (1986), The Vietnamese People’s Struggle in the International Context (Hanoi: Foreign Languages Publishing House).

    Google Scholar 

  • International Monetary Fund (1982), ‘Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Recent Economic Developments’, 14 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kissinger, Henry A. (1979), The White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown).

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Can (1987), ‘Our Situation and Tasks’, Tap Chi Cong San, No. 8, August 1986, JPRS-SEA-86-208, 1 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Duan (1965), Giai Cap Vo San voi Van De Nona Dan Trong Cach Mang Viet Nam [The Proletariat and the Peasant Problem in the Vietnamese Revolution] (Hanoi: Su That).

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Duan (1981), May Van De ve Dang Cam Quyen [Some Problems of the Party in Power] (Hanoi: Su That).

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Duan (1984), Speech to Sixth Plenum of CPV Central Committee, 3 July 1984, FBIS, 20 August.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Duc Tho (1960), ‘Report on Amending the Party Statute’, Van Kien Dai Hoi [Congress Documents], Vol. II (Hanoi: Central Committee of the Vietnam Workers’ Party).

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Ngoc (1986), ‘Agriculture, The Main Front: Perceptions and Reality’, Thong Ke, December 1986, JPRS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lim Joo-Jock (1979), Geo-Strategy and the South China Sea Basin (Singapore: Singapore University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luu Van Dat (1986), ‘Canvassing Foreign Trade Strategy in the First Stage of the Transitional Period of Our Country’, Ngoai Thuong [Foreign Trade].

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen Dang Khanh (1987), ‘Why Are Rapid Price Changes Occurring on the Market and at State Stores?’ Quoan Doi Nhan Dan, 13 January 1987, JPRS-SEA-87-060. 27 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen Huu Dao (1986), ‘40 Years of Developing the Ownership Role of Workers and Farmers’, Tap Chi Cong San, No. 11, November, JPRS-SEA-86-034, 24 February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen Le Minh (1986), ‘Providing Jobs in the Cities’, Nhan Dan, 23 August 1986, JPRS-SEA-86-198, 7 November.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen Trung Thuc (1987), ‘Ideological Life: Words and Actions’, Tap Chi Cong San, No. 4, April 1987, 81–4, JPRS-ACT-97-003, 3 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen Van Huong (1972), ‘Su Nghiep Bao Ve Doc Lap, To Do, Bao Ve Thanh Qua cua Cach Mang va Hinh Luat cua Nuoc, VNDCCH’ [The Task of Defending Independence, Freedom, and the Fruits of Revolution and the DRV Criminal Code], in Vietnam Social Sciences Committee, Law Institute, Mot So Van De ve Nhat Nuoc va Phap Luat Viet Nam [Some Problems of the Vietnamese State and Law] (Hanoi: Khoa Hoc Xa Hoi).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen Van Linh (1987), Speech to Third Central Committee Plenum, 31 August 1987, Hanoi Domestic Service, 31 August 1987, FBIS, 2 September.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen Van Vinh (1968), Talk before the Fourth Conference of the Central Office for South Vietnam, in US Department of State, Working Paper Reviewing Evidence of North Vietnamese Involvement in Military Operations in South Vietnam (Washington, DC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pike, Douglas (1987), Vietnam and the Soviet Union: Anatomy of an Alliance (Boulder, Col.: Westview Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pomonti, Jean-Claude (1987), Interview with CPV General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh, Le Monde, 8 December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Gareth (1980a), ‘Vietnam’s Ethnic Chinese and the Sino-Vietnamese Conflict’, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, Vol. 12, No. 4, October-December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Gareth (1980b), ‘Vietnam and the Socialist Camp: Center or Periphery?’ in William S. Turley (ed.), Vietnamese Communism in Comparative Perspective (Boulder, Col.: Westview).

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Gareth (1981), ‘Vietnamese Policy and the Indochina Crisis’, David W. P. Elliott (ed.), The Third Indochina Conflict (Boulder: Westview).

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Gareth (1983), ‘Vietnamese Communist Policy toward Kampuchea: 1930–1970’, in David P. Chandler and Ben Kiernan (eds), Revolution and its Aftermath in Kampuchea: Eight Essays, Yale University Southeast Asia Studies Monograph Series, No. 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Gareth (1984), ‘Hanoi’s Strategic Perspective and the Sino-Vietnamese Conflict’, Pacific Affairs, Vol. 57, No. 1, Spring.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Gareth (1985), ‘Vietnam-ASEAN Relations: A Decade of Evolution’, Indochina Report (Singapore), No. 2, April-June.

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Gareth (1988), ‘Toward a Kampuchean Peace Settlement: History and Dynamics of Sihanouk’s Negotiations’, Southeast Asian Affairs 1988 (Singapore: ISEAS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Porter, Gareth (1989), ‘The Transformation of Vietnam’s Worldview: From Two Camps to Interdependence’, paper, annual meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, Washington, DC, March.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger, Leif (1983), ‘The Soviet-Vietnamese Alliance and Kampu-chea’, Survey, Vol. 227, No. 118/119, Autumn-Winter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Statistics General Department (1985), So Lieu Thong Ke 1930–1984 [Statistical Data 1930–1984] (Hanoi: Statistics Publishing House).

    Google Scholar 

  • Socialist Republic of Vietnam (1979), Su That ve Quan He Vietnam-Trung Quoc [The Truth about Vietnamese-Chinese Relations] (Hanoi: Su That).

    Google Scholar 

  • ‘Some Facts and Figures on Vietnam-Soviet Union Economic and Cultural Co-operation’ (1986), Tap Chi Cong San, No. 11, November 1985, JPRS-SEA-86-034, 24 February.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, Carlyle A. (1978), ‘Vietnam’s External Relations: An Overview’, Asia Pacific Community, Vol. 9, No. 2, January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, Carlyle A. (1983), ‘Vietnam’s Two Strategic Tasks: Building Social-ism and Defending the Fatherland’, Southeast Asian Affairs, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turley, William (1986), ‘Vietnam/Indochina: Hanoi’s Challenge to Southeast Asian Regional Order’, in Young Whan Kihl and Lawrence E. Grinter (eds), Asian Pacific Security: Emerging Challenges and Responses (Boulder, Col.: Westview).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Giang (1986), ‘Salaries and Wages, A Hot Issue’, Lao Dong, 9 January 1966, JPRS-SEA-86-082, 12 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vietnam News Agency (1988), Law on Foreign Investment in Vietnam, 11 January 1988, FBIS-EAS-88-007, 12 January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vo Nhan Tri (1985a), ‘The Third Five-Year Plan 1981–85: Performance and Limits’, Indochina Report, October, December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vo Nhan Tri (1985b), ‘Socialist Vietnam’s Economic Development 1975–85: Policies and Performance’, paper for Conference on Vietnam, University of Sussex, October 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vo Thanh Cong (1987), ‘Overall and Rigorous Saving of Technical Material and Labor is a State Policy’, Nhan Dan, 8 January 1987, JPRS-87-047, 2 April.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wain, Barry (1988), ‘Vietnam Seeks Aid as its Harvests Falter’, The Wall Street Journal, 11 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werner, Jayne (1984), ‘Socialist Development: The Political Economy of Agrarian Reform in Vietnam’, Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, Vol. 16, No. 2, April–June.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 1990 David Wurfel and Bruce Burton

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Porter, G. (1990). The Foreign Policy of Vietnam. In: Wurfel, D., Burton, B. (eds) The Political Economy of Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20813-5_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics