Abstract
When we wish to observe an object, we usually illuminate it with a beam of light. The light is then reflected, refracted, diffracted, absorbed, in various ways. By interpreting our measurements on the scattered light, we learn about the shape and size of the object and its other properties. For example, we may learn whether the object is transparent or opaque; if the former, we may measure its refractive index, if the latter, we can find its absorptivity, and so on. If we study further by using monochromatic light, we find these various properties vary with the wavelength (in particular, we may find the object is coloured; i.e. it preferentially scatters light of a particular wavelength). In some cases we may find more than just scattering or absorption of the light. The object may continue to re-emit light after the incident beam is removed (phosphorescence), it may emit radiation of a different wavelength from that used to illuminate it (fluorescence) or it may emit radiation of a different kind (e.g. electrons in the photo effect).
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© 1990 G. R. Satchler
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Satchler, G.R. (1990). Introduction to Nuclear Reactions. In: Introduction to Nuclear Reactions. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20531-8_2
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