Abstract
The present chapter originated as a by-product of the large-scale research project of the International Committee for the Restoration and Assessment of Bronisław Piłsudski’s Works (ICRAP). Bronisław Piłsudski (1866–1918) was a Polish political exile, banished to the island of Sakhalin in 1887 for his alleged involvement in a plot to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. While on Sakhalin, he studied and published a number of ethnographical works on the island’s original inhabitants, the Ainu, the Nivkhs and the Oroks. Rather than merely summarising the existing literature on the Oroks (though such a summary is urgently needed), the information presented here concerning the Oroks’ past is based mainly on the published and unpublished observations made by Piłsudski during his stay among them, while remarks concerning their present situation concentrate on the Orok community now living in Hokkaido, Japan.
The author is indebted to all those who helped in the preparation of this chapter by disinterestedly providing their own research results and other materials; especially to Mr Ryō Tanaka, Secretary of the Orok (Uilta) Society of Japan; Professor Jirō Ikegami, former head of the Institute for the Study of Northern Cultures, Hokkaido University; and Mr Kazuyoshi Ōtsuka of the National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka. Special thanks are also due to the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science for financial support in Japan during 1984–5.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes and References
G. I. Nevel’skoy, Podvigi russkikh morskikh ofitserov na kraynem vostoke Rossii, Khabarovsk, 1969 (previous editions St Petersburg, 1878; Moscow 1947);
L. Schrenck, Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande, Band 3, Die Volker des Amur-Landes, St Petersburg, 1881 (hereafter, Schrenck, Reisen);
V. I. Tsintsius, ‘Tsentral’nyye i marginal’nyye foneticheskiye arealy Priamur’ya i Pomorya’, in M. A. Borodina et al. (eds), Narody i yazyk Sibiri: areal’nyye issledovaniya, Nauka, Moscow, 1978, p. 60.
L. Ya. Shternberg [Sternberg], Gilyaki, gol’di, orochi, negidal’tsy, ainu, Dal’giz, Khabarovsk, 1933;
T. I. Petrova, Yazyk orokov (ul’ta), Nauka, Leningrad, 1967 (herafter Petrova), p. 9.
V. I. Tsintsius (ed.), Sravnitel’nyy slovar’ tunguso-man’ chzhurskikh yazykov, 2 vols., Nauka, Leningrad, 1975–7, vol. I (hereafter Tsintsius, Slovar’) p. 573.
A. V. Smolyak, Etnicheskiye protsessy u narodov nizhnyego Amura i Sakhalina, Nauka, Moscow, 1975 (hereafter Smolyak, Etnicheskiye protsessy) p. 146.
K. Uehara and C. Abe, Moshiwogusa, 1804 (photocopy), p. 27.
S. Patkanov, Statisticheskiye dannyye pokazuyushchiye sostav naseleniya Sibiri, yazyk i rody inorodtsev, vol. 1, St Petersburg, 1912.
R. Tanaka and D. Gendānu, Gendānu — aru hoppō shōsū minzoku — no dorama, Gendaishi Shuppankai, Tokyo, 1978 (hereafter Tanaka & Gendānu) p. 54.
V. V. Merkushev, ‘Statisticheskoye obsledovaniye inorodtsev Sakhalinskoy oblasti’, in Sakhalin: sbornik statey o proshlom i nastoyashchem, 3, 1913, pp. 21–65.
A. P. Chekhov, Ostrov Sakhalin, Izdatel’stvo Sovetskaya Rossiya, Moscow, 1984, p. 53 (first published in Russkaya mysl’, Moscow, 1893–4).
B. Piłsudski, Materials for the Study of the Ainu Language and Folklore, Imperial Academy of Sciences, Cracow, 1912, pp. 66–76.
J. Ikegami, ‘Karafuto-no Uirutazoku-no eiyū-monogatari-to sono denrai’, Ajia-Afurika Gengo Bunka Kenkyūjo Tsūshin, 52, 1984 (hereafter Ikegami, ‘Karafuto-no’) pp. 41–5.
K. Wada, ‘Orokkozoku-no byōki-ni taisuru jufu’, Kokuritsu Minzokugaku Hakubutsukan Kenkyū Hōkoku, 3, 1978 (hereafter Wada) pp. 734–48.
B. Piłsudski, ‘Otchet B. O. Piłsudskogo po komandirovke k ainam i orokam o. Sakhalina v 1903–1905 gg.’, Izvestiya Russkogo Komiteta dlya izucheniya Sredney i Vostochnoy Azii v istoricheskom, arkheologicheskom, lingvisticheskom i etnograficheskom otnosheniyakh (IRKISVA), 7, St Petersburg, 1907 (hereafter, Piłsudski, 1907) p. 20.
B. Piłsudski, ‘Svedeniya o B. O. Piłsudskom (na osnovanii pisem k sekretaryu Komiteta’, IRKISVA, 2, 1904, p. 18.
P. Piłsudski, ‘Pis’mo komandirovannogo na o. Sakhalin B. O. Piłsudskogo’ IRKISVA, 5, 1905 (hereafter, Piłsudski, 1905) pp. 25–6.
Tsintsius, Slovar’; H. Magata, Uirutago jiten, Abashiri, 1981.
Y. Yamamoto, ‘Orokko-no minwa’, Minzokugaku Kenkyū, 25, 1961, pp. 33–55.
M. G. Voskoboynikov and G. A. Menivshchikov (eds), Skazki narodov Severa, Gosudarstvennoye izdatel’stvo khudozhestvennoy literatury, Moscow-Leningrad, 1951, pp. 367–76.
J. Ikegami, ‘Orok texts’, Memoirs of the Research Department of the Tōyō Bunko, 17, 1958, pp. 85–96; ‘Orokkogo-kenkyū-no tame-no shiryō’, Hokkaido Daigaku Bungakubu Kiyō, 18/2, 1970, pp. 31–55; ‘Karafuto-no’; ‘Uiruta kōtō bungei gembunshu’, Reports on Urgent Research Concerning Uilta Culture, 6, Sapporo, 1984;
J. Ikegami and K. Tanimoto, ‘Orokkozoku-no Kayo’, Hoppō Bunka Kenkyū, 8, Hokkaido, 1974, pp. 1–27.
B. Piłsudksi, ‘Schwangerschaft, Entbindung und Fehlgeburt bei den Bewohnern der Insel Sachalin (Giljaken und Ainu)’, Anthropos, 5, 1910, pp. 756–74.
B. Piłsudski, ‘Rody, beremennost’, vykidyshy, bliznetsy, urody, bezplodiye i plodovitost’ u tuzemtsev o. Sakhalina’, Zhivaya starina, 1–2, 1910, p. 28.
B. Piłsudski, ‘Szamanizm u tubylcow na Sachalinie’, Lud, 15, 1910, pp. 262–9.
A. V. Smolyak, ‘Oroki’, in M. G. Levin and L. P. Potapov (eds), Narody Sibiri, Moscow-Leningrad, 1956 (hereafter, Smolyak, ‘Oroki’), p. 860.
Ch. Taksami, ‘Sovremennyye i traditsionnyye prazdniki u narodov nizhnyego Amura i Sakhalina, Strany i narody Vostoka, 13/2, 1972, pp. 150–7.
R. Tanaka, Shiryokan jakka dofuni tenji sakuhinshū, Uiruta Kyōkai, Abashiri, 1980.
cf. B. Pilsudski, Materials for the Study of the Orok (Uilta) Language and Folklore, 2 vols., Poznan, 1985–6, and Ikegami, ‘Karafutu-no’, pp. 85–9.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 1989 School of Slavonic and East European Studies. University of London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Majewicz, A.F. (1989). The Oroks: Past and Present. In: Wood, A., French, R.A. (eds) The Development of Siberia. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20378-9_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20378-9_7
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-20380-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-20378-9
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)