Abstract
The intimidation, torture, and murder of citizens by governments for political reasons is a terrifying reality. The common assumption is that governments should protect citizens rather than violate them, yet the 20th century has spawned some of the worst government attacks on individuals. Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin systematically terrorized and eliminated millions of ordinary citizens. The Nazi figures alone are staggering — official and unofficial estimates range from 18 to 35 million people killed in concentration, labour, and extermination camps (Bettelheim, 1979). Unfortunately these events were not historical aberrations. The Pol Pot regime in Kampuchea has been accused of destroying millions of its citizens. Currently military regimes in Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile are systematically employing state terrorism to suppress and remove political opposition. Even liberal democratic governments such as those in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom have been accused of violating basic civil rights and of employing illegal force in dealing with some of their citizens.
I would like to thank Annamarie Oliverio, Steve McCartney, and Stefan Karlberg for their assistance in researching material for this chapter.
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© 1989 Ezzat A. Fattah
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Corrado, R.R. (1989). Victims of Extreme State Terrorism. In: Fattah, E.A. (eds) The Plight of Crime Victims in Modern Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20083-2_3
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