Abstract
The Heads of State … expressed grave concern that since … 1983, the world economic crisis has continued to escalate, characterised inter alia by the accentuation of structural imbalances and inequities resulting from the inadequacy of the present international division of labour for the balanced and equitable development of the world economy as well as in the breakdown of the international payments system. The widening gap between the developed and developing countries and the persistence of the unjust and inequitable international economic system constitute a major impediment to the development process of non-aligned and other developing countries and poses a serious threat to international peace and security. In this regard, they reiterated the commitment of the Movement to continue to work for a restructuring of the international economic system with a view to establishing the New International Economic Order based on justice, equity, equality and mutual benefit.3
The purpose of common security applies with great force to Third World countries … They too must find political and economic security through a commitment to joint survival …
In the Third World, as in all our countries, security requires economic progress as well as freedom from military fear.2
This chapter was commissioned originally for Kofi Buenor Hadjor (ed) New Perspectives in North-South Dialogue: essays in honour of Olaf Palme (London: Third World Book Review, 1988).
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Notes
Olaf Palme ‘Introduction’ to Common Security: a programme for disarmament (London: Pan, 1982) xi and xii.
Immanuel Wallerstein, The Capitalist World-Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979) 269 and 282.
For an earlier attempt to situate the Non-Aligned Movement in the context of the world economy using contrasting orthodox and radical approaches to analysis, see Timothy M. Shaw ‘The Political Economy of Non-Alignment: from Dependence to Self-Reliance’, International Studies 19(3), July/September 1980, 475–502. For a related attempt to advance the sociology of knowledge about Non-Alignment in a more critical and historical direction,
see A.W. Singham ‘Non-Alignment — from Summit to Summit’, Man and Development 1(3), October 1979, 1–40,
and, with Shirley Hune, Non-Alignment in an Age of Alignments (London: Zed, 1986).
On the notion of ‘conjuncture’ as related to the development of national political economies, see James H. Mittleman Underdevelopment and the Transition to Socialism: Mozambique and Tanzania (New York: Academic, 1981).
On the adoption of such a rhetorical ploy by Third World leaders in their attempt to improve their position between external associates (who exploit as well as support) and internal demands, see Claude Ake Revolutionary Pressures in Africa (London: Zed, 1978) 92–4.
On these two approaches, see Timothy M. Shaw ‘The Non-Aligned Movement and the New International Economic Order’ in Herb Addo (ed.) Transforming the World Economy? Nine critical essays on the new international economic order (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1984 for UNU) 138–62.
A.W. Singham (ed.) ‘Preface’, of his collection on The Non-Aligned Movement in World Politics (Westport, Conn.: Lawrence Hill, 1977) iii.
A.W. Singham ‘Conclusion’ in ibid. 221. See also Dinesh Singh ‘Non-Alignment and New International Economic Order’, Review of International Affairs 32(755), 20 September 1981, 8–12,
and Janez Stano-vuik ‘Non-Alignment and the New International Economic Order’ Review of International Affairs 32(757), 20 October 1981, 14–19.
H. Hveem and P. Willetts ‘The Practice of Non-Alignment: On the Present and the Future of an International Movement’ in Y. A. Tandon and D. Chandarana (eds) Horizons of African Diplomacy (Nairobi: EALB, 1974) 2.
On this, see Timothy M. Shaw ‘Dependence to (Inter)Dependence: Review of Debate on the (New) International Economic Order’, Alternatives 4(4), March 1979, 557–78.
Singham ‘Conclusion’, 227. For more on the evolution of the Movement from political to economic preoccupations, see Miguel Angel de la Flor Valle, ‘The Movement of Non-Alignment and the New International Order’, Review of International Affairs 32(756), 5 October 1981, 15–18.
See Craig Murphy, The Emergence of the NIEO Ideology (Boulder: Westview, 1984).
See Timothy M. Shaw ‘Towards a political economy of the African crisis: diplomacy, debates and dialectics’ in Michael H. Glantz (ed.) Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986) 127–47.
See Ankie M.M. Hoogvelt, The Third World in Global Development (London: Macmillan, 1982).
See Claude Ake ‘NonAlignment in the Contemporary World: an African perspective’ African Association of Political Science Newsletter July–September 1986, 5–10 and L. Adele Jinadu and Ibbo Mandaza (eds) African Perspectives on Non Alignment (Harare: African Association of Political Science, 1986).
Ervin Laszlo, ‘Introduction: the Objectives of the New International Economic Order in Historical and Global Perspective’ in Ervin Laszlo et al., The Objectives of the New International Economic Order (New York: Pergamon for UNITAR, 1978) xviii.
Cf. Timothy M. Shaw, ‘Conclusion: African Development and the New International Division of Labour’ in Adebayo Adedeji and Timothy M. Shaw (eds) Economic Crisis in Africa (Boulder: Westview and London: Frances Pinter, 1985) 267–83.
Jack N. Barkenbus, ‘Slowed Economic Growth and Third World Welfare’ in Dennis Clark Pirages (ed.) The Sustainable Society (New York: Praeger, 1977) 317.
See Timothy M. Shaw, Towards a Political Economy for Africa: the dialectics of dependence (London: Macmillan, 1985).
See Mai Palmberg (ed.), Problems of Socialist Orientation in Africa (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell and New York: Africana, 1978). For a rather partisan review of socialist-non-aligned relationships, see S.G. Sardesai, ‘Achievements and Difficulties of Non-Alignment’, World Marxist Review, 17 March 1974, 74–82.
Singham, ‘Conclusion’ 227–8. For further analysis of some of these contradictions, see Bojana Tadic, ‘The Movement of the Non-Aligned and its Dilemmas Today’, Review of International Affairs 32(756), 5 October 1981, 19–24.
See Wallerstein, The Capitalist World-Economy, 66–118 and Timothy M. Shaw, ‘Kenya and South Africa: “Sub-Imperialist” States’, Orbis 21(2), Summer 1977, 375–94, and ‘International Stratification in Africa: Subimperialism in Eastern and Southern Africa, Journal of Southem African Affairs 2(2), April 1977, 145–64.
See also Bahgat Korany ‘Hierarchy within the South: in search of theory’, Third World Affairs 1986 (London: Third World Foundation, 1986), 85–100.
See Jerker Carlsson and Timothy M. Shaw (eds), New-Industrialising Countries and the Political Economy of South-South Relations (London: Macmillan, 1988.)
On this debate in the case of Nigeria in West Africa, see Timothy M. Shaw and Olajide Aluko (eds), Nigerian Foreign Policy: Alternative Perceptions and Projections (London: Macmillan, 1983).
See also Timothy M. Shaw, ‘Nigeria in the International System’ in I. William Zartman (ed.), The Political Economy of Nigeria (New York: Praeger, 1983) 207–36.
Fred Halliday, ‘The maturing of the Non-Aligned: perspectives from New Delhi’, Third World Affairs 1985 (London: Third World Foundation, 1985) 52.
Ismail-Sabri Abdalla, ‘Heterogeneity and Differentiation — the End for the Third World?, Development Dialogue 2, 1978, 11 and 10.
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© 1989 Ralph I. Onwuka and Timothy M. Shaw
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Shaw, T.M. (1989). The Non-Aligned Movement and the New International Division of Labour. In: Onwuka, R.I., Shaw, T.M. (eds) Africa in World Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20065-8_1
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