Abstract
Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that ‘Everyone has a right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being of himself and of his family including … medical care and necessary social services ….’ Moreover, Article 22 supplements this standard with the assertion that ‘Everyone, as a member of society … is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, to the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality’. In recent years, Article 22 has gained vitality because international co-operation in the sphere of health rights has acquired increasing importance. Such international co-operation includes collaboration and support among non-governmental organisations and professional associations working in support of human rights across national boundaries. This paper details such transnational support for the right to health, focusing on the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and recent developments among health professionals in the Republic of the Philippines.
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Notes
Richard P. Claude, Eric Stover and June P. Lopez, Health Professionals and Human Rights in the Philippines (Washington, DC: Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1987). Comparable studies will be published focusing on Chile, South Africa and Uruguay. The rational for such transnational professional investigation is set out by
Elena O. Nightingale and Eric Stover in ‘A Question of Conscience—Physicians in Defense of Human Rights’, Journal of the American Medical Association, 255, 20, May 23–30, 1986, pp. 2794–97.
Amnesty International, Report of the Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines (London: Amnesty International, 1976) p. 11.
Amnesty International, Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines (London: Amnesty International Publications, 1982).
American Association for the Advancement of Science, Report of a Fact-Finding Mission to the Philippines, 28 November–17 December 1983 (Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1983).
June P. Lopez, ‘The Psychological Aspects of Torture as Seen in the Filipino Torture Victims’, (Manila: unpublished manuscript, 1986). For coverage of the study in the Philippine press see ‘Surviving the trauma of detention’, The Manila Times, 6 March 1986, p. 10; Marcia C. Rodriguez, ‘Torture Victims Aided’, Bulletin Today, 25 January 1986. PACT’s objectives and programme are described in Medical Action Group Magazine, 3, 1, January–February–March 1986, pp. 9–10.
Claude, Stover and Lopez, op. cit., at note 132. See also June P. Lopez, ‘National Considerations in the Rehabilitation of Torture Survivors—A Philippine Experience’ (unpublished paper presented to the World Psychiatric Association, Regional Symposium, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19–22 August 1986) pp. 4–6.
Amnesty International, ‘Disappearance’: A Workbook (New York: Amnesty International, 1981) pp. 77–8.
Eric Stover, ‘Forensic Specialists Search for Argentina’s Missing’, Clearinghouse Report on Science and Human Rights (Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, September 1985), pp. 7, 2, 1–3. See also /Eric Stover and Michael Nelson, ‘Medical Action Against Torture’, in Stover and Elena O. Nightingale, MD, The Breaking of Bodies and Minds (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1985) pp. 101–27.
Eric Stover, ‘Forensic Specialists Visit the Philippines’, Clearinghouse Report on Science and Human Rights (Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, VIII, 4, Winter 1986/87) pp. 1–2.
Michael L. Tan, ‘The State of the Nation’s Health’ (Manila: Health Action Information Network, 1986) p. 6.
World Bank, ‘Philippines—Working Level Draft Country Program Paper’ (Washington, DC: World Bank, 29 August 1980) p. 17.
Alicia de la Paz, ‘A Second Look at the Philippine Health Statistics’, MAG Bulletin, 3, 1, (January–March 1986) pp. 22–7. See also Robert E. Goodin, ‘The Development-Rights Trade-Off: Some Unwarranted Economic and Political Assumptions,’ Universal Human Rights, 1, 2 (April–June, 1979).
Sister Mariani Dimaranan, ‘Human Rights and Beyond’, MAG Bulletin, 3, 2 (March–April 1986) p. 3.
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© 1989 David P. Forsythe
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Claude, R.P. (1989). The Right to Health: Transnational Support for the Philippines. In: Forsythe, D.P. (eds) Human Rights and Development. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19967-9_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19967-9_2
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