Abstract
Formulating a strategy of development requires looking back over the trails Third World countries have already trod in their quest to accumulate capital. The real choices in the current world system are quite limited. One is to join the lane of traffic headed for capitalist development. A second is to leave the mainstream and aim for another destination. Third is to weave through the congestion, exploring an alternative passage, forcing an opening to the other end of the tunnel. Each route is a risky venture.
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Notes and References
The acquisition of Hills Brothers by Corpersucar is discussed in ‘Brazil’s Coffee (with Sugar) Billionaire’, Fortune, 46(1) July 1977, pp. 82–8.
The scale of Brazil’s economy is surveyed by Marsha Miliman, ‘Brazil: Let Them Eat Minerals!’ NACLA’s Latin America and Empire Report 3 (4) April 1973, pp. 5–7.
Information on the historical backdrop may be found in Alfred Stepan, The Military in Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971)
Alfred Stepan (ed.), Authoritarian Brazil: Origins, Policies, and Future (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972).
Specifically, I am drawing on Sylvia Ann Hewlett, The Cruel Dilemmas of Development: Twentieth Century Brazil (New York: Basic Books, 1980) p. 34
Peter Evans, Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State, and Local Capital in Brazil (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979) pp. 110–11.
An excellent discussion of import substitution is provided by José Serra, ‘Three Mistaken Theses Regarding the Connection between Industrialization and Authoritarian Regimes’, in David Collier (ed.), The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979) pp. 99–163.
The Johnson administration’s view of the Goulart government is quoted by Hewlett, The Cruel Dilemmas of Development, p. 72. On repression and labour organization, see Kenneth S. Mericle, ‘Corporatist Control of the Working Class: Authoritarian Brazil Since 1964’, in James M. Malloy (ed.), Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977) pp. 303–38
Kenneth Paul Erickson and Kevin J. Middlebrook, ‘The State and Organized Labor in Brazil and Mexico’, in Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Richard S. Weinert (eds), Brazil and Mexico: Patterns in Late Development (Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1984) pp. 213–63;
Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985).
On dependent state capitalism, see James Petras, Critical Perspectives on Imperialism and Social Class in the Third World (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1978) pp. 47; 89; 92.
The 1985 economic recovery is reported in ‘The Ash Wednesday Awaiting Brazil’s Revelling Politicians’, Economist (London), 8 February 1986. A statistical profile of trade with Brazil is provided by the US Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1982–83, (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1983) p. 880. On p. 435 of ‘The “Model” Shattered,’ Lernoux examines the options facing Brazil.
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© 1988 James H. Mittelman
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Mittelman, J.H. (1988). The Conventional Route, Joining Global Capitalism: Brazil. In: Out from Underdevelopment. Macmillan International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19307-3_5
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