Abstract
The complexity of the Irish Unionist response to the New Ireland is well captured in contrasting reactions to the 1916 Rising. One Belfast Protestant businessman wrote to his wife:
We are having a little rebellion here just by way of a change.… Isn’t it all like a comic opera founded on the Wolf[e] Tone fiasco a hundred years ago? … I am only afraid of … isolated Protestants in out of the way places being murdered. Otherwise it is a good business its having come to a head, & I hope we shall deal thoroughly with these pests.1
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Notes and References
A. Duffin to D. Duffin, 25 April 1916 PRONI, Mie 117/17.
Memorandum by 8th Viscount Powerscourt on ‘Reasons for Present Rebellion’, n.d. British Museum. Add. MS 52782, ff. 50–1.
H. S. Morrison, Modern Ulster: Its Character, Customs, Politics and Industries (1920) p. 30.
W. E. H. Lecky, Letter in The Times, 5 May 1886.
P. Buckland, Irish Unionism One: The Anglo-Irish and the New Ireland 1885–1922 (Dublin, 1972);
I. D’Alton, ‘Southern Irish Unionism: A Study of Cork Unionism 1884–1914’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Fifth Series, XXIII (1973) 71–88;
and D. Fitzpatrick, Politics and Irish Life 1913–21: Provincial Experience of War and Revolution (Dublin, 1977).
P. Buckland, Irish Unionism Two: Ulster Unionism and the Origins of Northern Ireland 1886–1922 (Dublin, 1973).
Professor T. E. Webb, The Irish Question: A Reply to Mr Gladstone (Dublin 1886) p. 16.
A. T. Q. Stewart, The Ulster Crisis (1967) p. 62.
Ibid., passim;
P. Buckland, Irish Unionism 1885–1923: A Documentary History (Belfast, 1973) pp. 265–339.
Ibid., pp. 163, 170–3,283–5.
Kingstown and District Unionist Club Minute Book, 12 September 1912, PRONI D950/1/147.
2nd Baron Dunleath to Sir E. Carson, 9 March 1915, ibid., D1507/1/1915/7.
ILPU, Union or Separation (Dublin, 1886) p. 29.
Buckland, Irish Unionism Two, pp. 83–91.
N. Mansergh, The Irish question 1840–1921. A Commentary on Anglo-Irish Relations and on Social and Political Forces in Ireland in the Age of Reform and Revolution, rev. edn (1965) p. 192.
Buckland, Irish Unionism One, pp. 129–271.
A. F. Blood, letter in Irish Times, 29 March 1918.
R. B. McDowell, The Irish Convention 1917–18 (1970).
H. de F. Montgomery to 7th Marquess of Londonderry, 26 February 1918, PRONI, D627/433.
F. H. Crawford, Why I Voted for the Six Counties (Belfast, 1920), PRONI, DI700/5/16.
Buckland, Irish Unionism One, pp. 106–19, 183.
Memorandum by 5th Earl of Desart, 22 November 1919, submitted to the Cabinet Committee on Ireland, PRO, Cab.27/69/2/41.
A. Duffin to D. Duffin, 28 November 1917, PRONI, D1327/3/10.
D. G. Boyce, ‘British Conservative Opinion, the Ulster Question, and the Partition of Ireland 1912–21’, IHS, xvii (1970) 89–112;
Buckland, Irish Unionism Two, pp. 95, 115–17.
Parliamentary Debates (House of Commons), ser. 5, CXXVII, 29 March 1920, col. 990.
Buckland, Irish Unionism Two, pp. 117–21.
Parliamentary Debates (House of Commons), ser. 5, CXXVII, 29 March 1920, col. 991.
Buckland, Irish Unionism One, pp. 229–32, 291–6.
Ibid., pp. 201–18.
7th Earl of Wicklow to 9th Viscount Midleton, 11 November 1922, PRO, 30/67/52, ff. 3097–3100.
Census of Ireland 1911: General Report (1913) pp. xlvi-lii, 210–37;
B. M. Walker, Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland 1801–1922 (Dublin, 1978).
T. Pirn jnr to IUA, 27 April 1892, PRONI, D989A/8/2.
Mrs M. I. Vansittart to Mrs L. Guinness, 17 June 1920, ibid., D989A/8/23.
Lennox Robinson, Bryan Cooper (1931), p. 126.
F. S. L. Lyons, ‘The Minority Problem in the 26 Counties’, Years of the Great Test 1926–39, ed. F. MacManus (Cork, 1967) p. 94.
Buckland, Irish Unionism One, pp. xvi–viii, 309–12.
Col. Sir T. Montgomery-Cuninghame, Dusty Measure: A Record of Troubled Times (1939) p. 81.
Buckland, Irish Unionism One, pp. 87, 98, 137–45.
9th Viscount Midleton to W. S. Churchill, 13 June 1922, PRO, 30/67/50.
J. M. Wilson, ‘Reflections’, c.1915–16, PRONI, D989A/11/9.
T. Jones, Whitehall Diary: Volume III: Ireland 1918–1925 (1971) p. 129.
F. Wright, ‘Protestant Ideology and Politics in Ulster’, European Journal of Sociology, XIV (1972) 213–80.
D. W. Miller, Queen’s Rebels: Ulster Loyalism in Historical Perspective (Dublin, 1978).
P. Gibbon, The Origins of Ulster Unionism: The Formation of Popular Protestant Politics and Ideology in Nineteenth Century Ireland (Manchester, 1975).
Miller, Queen’s Rebels, pp. 55–64.
E. W. Hamilton, The Soul of Ulster (1917) p. 10.
Rev. T. M. Johnstone, Ulstermen: Their Fight for Fortune, Faith and Freedom (Belfast, 1914), p. 88.
Miller, Queen’s Rebels, pp. 110–11.
F. H. Crawford to A[?], 7 October 1907, PRONI, D1700/10.
Miller, Queen’s Rebels, p. 102.
Robinson, Bryan Cooper, p. 128.
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© 1988 Patrick Buckland
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Buckland, P. (1988). Irish Unionism and the New Ireland. In: Boyce, D.G. (eds) The Revolution in Ireland, 1879–1923. Problems in Focus Series. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18985-4_4
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