Abstract
The Women’s Movement in the United States appears to be declining in numbers and political influence while, at the same time, becoming part of an international movement with expanded, less gender-specific programmes. In publications, conferences, demonstrations and peace camps, women are sharing new visions for achieving global security without military conflict and nuclear threats. They are creating new perspectives on international development which not only include and benefit women, but also avoid cultural disruption and environmental devastation.
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Notes
Carol Virginia Pohli, ‘Church Closets and Back Doors: A Feminist View of Moral Majority Women’, Feminist Studies, IX, 3 (Fall 1983), 549–50.
Betty Friedan, The Second Stage (New York: Summit/Simon & Schuster, 1981), p. 177.
Judith Stacey, ‘The New Conservative Feminism’, Feminist Studies, IX, 3 (Fall 1983), 576–7.
Sharon Thompson, ‘Search for Tomorrow: On Feminism and the Reconstruction of Teen Romance’, in Carole S. Vance (ed.), Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality (Boston and London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984), pp. 359, 354–5, 360, 376.
Charlotte Bunch, Bringing the Global Home: Feminism in the ’80s — Book III (Denver, Colorado: Antelope Publications, 1985), p. 15.
Zillah R. Eisenstein, Feminism and Sexual Equality: Crisis in Liberal America (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1984), p. 25.
Cited in John B. Judis, ‘Whose Gender Gap Is It, Anyway?’ and Zillah Eisenstein, ‘Contradictions Inevitable as Women Become Political Force’, In These Times, VIII, 27 (13–26 June 1984), 23 and 25.
Barbara Ehrenreich, ‘When Will American Feminism Catch Up with Its Potential Constituency?’ In These Times, VIII, 27 (13–26 June 1984), 9–10; Eisenstein, Feminism and Sexual Equality, p. 140.
Dennis Altman provides this definition of Reaganism in his excellent study AIDS in the Mind of America (Garden City, New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1986), p. 27.
See Diana E. H. Russell and Nicole Van de Ven, Crimes Against Women: Proceedings of the International Tribunal (Millbrae, California: Les Femmes, 1976).
Nicholas Freudenberg and Ellen Zaltzberg, ‘From Grassroots Activism to Political Power: Women Organizing Against Environmental Hazards’, in Wendy Chavkin, MD (ed.), Double Exposure: Women’s Health Hazards on the Job and at Home (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1984), p. 265.
Starhawk [Miriam Simos], Dreaming the Dark: Magic, Sex & Politics (Boston: Beacon Press, 1982), pp. 216 and 174.
Helen I. Safa, ‘Runaway Shops and Female Employment: The Search for Cheap Labor’, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, VII, 2 (Winter 1981), 432–3 and 425.
Lourdes Arizpe and Josefina Aranda, ‘The “Comparative Advantages” of Women’s Disadvantages: Women Workers in the Strawberry Export Agribusiness in Mexico’, Signs, VII, 2 (Winter 1981), 470.
Aline K. Wong, ‘Planned Development, Social Stratification, and the Sexual Division of Labor in Singapore’, Signs, VII, 2 (Winter 1981), 452.
Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English, For Her Own Good: 150 Years of the Experts’ Advice to Women (Garden City, New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1978), p. 292. Emphasis in the original.
Sheila Tobias, ‘Toward a Feminist Analysis of the Defense Budget’, Frontiers: a journal of women studies, VIII, 2 (1985), 65–8; also, a later version of this article in Plowshare Press, X, 3 (Summer 1985), 12.
Quoted in Jan Buehler, ‘The Puget Sound Women’s Peace Camp: Education as an Alternative Strategy’, Frontiers, VIII, 2 (1985), 44.
Marian Anderson, ‘Military Spending Creates Few Jobs for Women’, Plowshare Press, X, 3 (Summer 1985), 1, 10–11.
Cynthia Enloe, Does Khaki Become You?: The Militarization of Women’s Lives (Boston: South End Press, 1983), p. 135. Originally published by Pluto Press, London.
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Ibid., pp. 199, 200, 195. Emphases in the original; Katherine DeFoyd, ‘Women Face Dead End Jobs in Defense Industry’, Plowshare Press, X, 3 (Summer 1985), 1.
Lin Nelson, ‘Promise Her Everything: The Nuclear Power Industry’s Agenda for Women’, Feminist Studies, X, 2 (Summer 1984), 300, 302, 307, 305, 298–9.
Cynthia Costello and Amy Dru Stanley, ‘Report from Seneca’, Frontiers, VIII, 2 (1985), 33 and 38.
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Linda Schott, ‘The Woman’s Peace Party and The Moral Basis for Women’s Pacifism’, Frontiers, VIII, 2 (1985), 20.
Amy Swerdlow, ‘Ladies’ Day at the Capitol: Women Strike for Peace Versus HUAC’, Feminist Studies, VII, 3 (Fall 1982), 493–520.
Nancy Chodorow, The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1978), pp. 93 and 167.
Sara Ruddick, ‘Maternal Thinking’, Feminist Studies, VI, 2 (Summer 1980), 352.
Sara Ruddick, ‘Pacifying the Forces: Drafting Women in the Interests of Peace’, Signs, VIII, 3 (Spring 1983), 482 and 484.
Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: Harvard University Press, 1982), pp. 39–43, 44, 160, 148.
Ofer Zur, PhD, ‘Men, Women and War: The Myth of the Warrior and the Beautiful Soul’, paper presented at Self, Society and Nuclear Conflict Conference, University of California, San Francisco, 19–20 October 1985, p. 6.
O. Zur, A. Morrison and E. Zaretsky, ‘Men, Women and War: Gender Differences in Attitudes Towards War’, paper presented at the Western Psychological Association Meetings, San Jose, California, April 1985, p. 7. I wish to thank Ofer Zur for giving me reprints of and permission to quote from these papers.
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© 1987 Rochelle Gatlin
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Gatlin, R. (1987). Problems, Prospects and the Feminist Future. In: American Women Since 1945. The Contemporary United States. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18896-3_12
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