Abstract
The incomes of farming families are central to the explanation of agriculture’s response to changing product prices and costs, to structural adjustments such as increases in farm sizes, and to the very existence of governmental policy towards agriculture. If an ‘income problem’ did not exist, or at least was not thought to exist, then much of the case for a separate British ministry for this industry and a Common Agricultural Policy within the European Community would collapse. In this chapter we will consider the characteristics of incomes in farming and the measures currently employed in their assessment. The ground will then be prepared for the analysis of agricultural policy contained in Chapter 14.
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Notes
The changes are described in Outlaw, J. E. and Croft, G. (1981) ‘Recent developments in economic accounts for agriculture’, Economic Trends 335 (September) 95–103.
More formally, personal income has been described as ‘the sum of 1. the market value of rights exercised in consumption and 2. the change in the store of property rights between the beginning and end of the period.’ Simons, H. (1938) Personal Income Taxation (University of Chicago Press).
Madden, J. P. (1975) Poverty measures as indicators of social welfare’, in Wilber, G. L. (ed) Poverty: New Perspectives (University of Kentucky Press).
Peters, G. H. (1980) ‘Some thoughts on capital taxation’, J. Ag. Econ.31:3, 381–97.
Newby, H., Bell, C., Rose, D. and Saunders, P. (1978) Property, Paternalism and Power: Class and Control in Rural England (London: Hutchinson).
Harrison, A. (1975) Farmers and Farm Businesses in England Miscellaneous Studies 62 (University of Reading: Department of Agricultural Economics and Management).
Carlin, T. A. and Reinsel, E. I. (1973) ‘Combining income and wealth: an analysis of farm well-being’, Am. J. Ag. Econ. 55:38–44.
Chase, L. and Lerohl, M. L. (1981) ‘On measuring farmers’ well-being’ Can. J. Ag. Econ. 29:225–31.
Chase, L. (1980) ‘Inflation, capital gains and farmer’s economic well-being’ Can. J. Ag. Econ., Proceedings of Annual Meeting, 67–77.
Hill, Berkeley (1982) ‘Concepts and measurement of the income, wealth and economic well-being of farmers’ J. Ag. Econ. 33:3, 311–24.
Hearn, S. (1977) Farm Income and Capital Gains: Implications for Structural Change Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Wye College.
Ibid.
Capstick, C. W. (1983) ‘Agricultural policy issues and economic analysis’. J. Ag. Econ. 33:3, 263–78.
Hill, Berkeley (1982) op. cit.
Nix, J. S. (1985) Farm Management Pocketbook, 16th edition (Ashford: Wye College).
See a number of chapters dealing with many aspects of data collection within the EC in Dubgaard, A., Grassmugg, R. and Munk, K. J. (1984) (eds) Agricultural data and economic analysis (Maastricht: European Institute of Public Administration).
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© 1987 Berkeley Hill and Derek Ray
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Hill, B., Ray, D. (1987). Incomes and Agriculture. In: Economics for Agriculture. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18782-9_12
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