Abstract
The ideological map of Africa was transformed in the mid-1970s with the advent to independence of the ex-Portuguese colonies of Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique; the leadership was committed in each case to the pursuit of Marxist-Leninist principles. That this commitment was in part a reaction to the oppressive nature of Portuguese rule is evident from Barry Munslow’s authoritative study Mozambique: the Revolution and its Origins . 1 Portugal’s colonies — ‘overseas provinces’, according to the myth of Lusotropicalism2 – both provided the cheap raw materials necessary to fuel her nascent industrialisation programme and served as an outlet for poor, and often unskilled or semi-skilled, white immigrants who sought employment opportunities denied them at home. Neutral during the Second World War and not being a member of the United Nations, Portugal did not experience in the post-war period the liberal currents of opinion which influenced most of the other Western imperial powers and she was not subject to strong international, or for that matter, domestic pressure to grant independence to her colonies.
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Further Reading
General
Ottaway, D. and M., Afrocommunism (New York: Africana, 1981).
Rosberg, C. G., and Callaghy, T. M. (eds), Socialism in Sub-Saharan Africa: A New Assessment (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1979).
Saul, J. S., The State and Revolution in Eastern Africa (London: Heinemann, 1979).
Wiles, P. (ed.), The New Communist Third World (London: Croom Helm, 1982).
Young, C, Ideology and Development in Africa (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982).
Angola
Davidson, B., In the Eye of the Storm: Angola’s People (London: Longman, 1972).
Marcum, J., The Angolan Revolution, vol. I: The Anatomy of an Explosion (1950–1962), vol. II: Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare (1962–1976) (Cambridge, Mass.: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1969 and 1978).
Wolfers, M., and Bergerol, J., Angola in the Frontline (London: Zed Press, 1983).
Benin and Congo
Decalo, S., ‘Ideological Rhetoric and Scientific Socialism in Benin and Congo-Brazzaville’, in Rosberg and Callaghy (1979) – see above (General).
Racine, A. ‘The People’s Republic of Benin’ and ‘The People’s Republic of Congo’, in Wiles (1982) – see above (General).
Young (1982) – see above (General).
Ethiopia
Halliday, F., and Molyneux, M., The Ethiopian Revolution (London: Verso, 1981).
Markakis, J., and Ayele, N., Class and Revolution in Ethiopia (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1978).
Ottaway, D. and M., Ethiopia: Empire in Revolution (New York: Africana, 1978).
Guinea
Adamolekun, L., Sékou Toure’s Guinea: An Experiment in Nation-Building (London: Methuen, 1976).
Johnson, R. W., ‘Guinea’, in Dunn, J. (ed.), West African States: Failure and Promise. A Study in Comparative Politics (Cambridge University Press, 1978).
Kaba, L, ‘Guinean Politics: A Critical Overview’, Journal of Modern African Studies, vol. xv, no. 1 (March 1977).
Guinea-Bissau
Cabral, A., Unity and Struggle (London: Heinemann, 1980).
Chabal, P., Amilcar Cabral: Revolutionary Leadership and People’s War (Cambridge University Press, 1983).
Davidson, B., No Fist is Big Enough to Hide the Sky (London: Zed Press, 1981).
Mozambique
First, R., Black Gold. The Mozambican Miner, Proletarian and Peasant (Brighton: Harvester Press, 1983).
Munslow, B., Mozambique: The Revolution and its Origins (London: Longman, 1983).
Vail, L., and White, L., Capitalism and Colonialism in Mozambique (London: Heinemann, 1981).
Somalia
Decraene, P., L’Expérience Socialiste Somalienne (Paris: Berger-Lerrault, 1977).
Laitin, D. D., ‘Somalia’s Military Government and Scientific Socialism’, in Rosberg and Callaghy (1979) – see above (General).
Lynch, B., ‘The Somali Democratic Republic. The One that got away’, in Wiles (1982) – see above (General).
Tanzania
Bryceson, D. F., ‘Peasant Commodity Production in Post-Colonial Tanzania’, African Affairs, vol. 81, no. 325 (October 1982).
Coulson, A. (ed.), African Socialism in Practice: The Tanzanian Experience (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1979).
Mwansasu, B. U., and Pratt, C. (eds.), Towards Socialism in Tanzania (University of Toronto Press, 1979).
Zimbabwe
Astrow, A., Zimbabwe: A Revolution that Lost its Way? (London: Zed Press, 1983).
Martin, D., and Johnson, P., The Struggle for Zimbabwe: The Chimurenga War (London: Faber &Faber, 1981).
Stoneman, C. (ed.), Zimbabwe’s Inheritance (London: Macmillan, 1981).
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© 1984 William Tordoff
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Tordoff, W. (1984). Revolution and Revolutionary Regimes. In: Government and Politics in Africa. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17629-8_8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17629-8_8
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