Abstract
Marx was the father of communism (see Part II) but the practical application of his theories was left to such men as Lenin and Mao Tse-tung. Each on the basis of his own experience developed Marxist theories which have had considerable influence on the non-Western world. Various groups following the communist ideologies of these men are generally referred to as ‘Leninists’ (pro-Moscow) or ‘Maoists’ (pro-Peking).
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Notes
I. See Bertram Wolfe, ‘Leninism’, in Marxism in the Modern World, ed. M. Drackhovitch (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1965) p. 69.
R. C. Macridis, Contemporary Political Ideologies (Cambridge, Mass.: Winthrop, 1980) p. 119.
See B. Lewis, ‘Communism and Islam’, in The Middle East in Transition, ed. W. Z. Laqueur (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1958) pp. 311–24.
M. S. Agwani, Communism in the Arab East (London: Asia Publishing House, 1969) p. 220.
Adeed Dawisha, ‘The Soviet Union in the Arab World: the Limits to Superpower Influence’, in The Soviet Union in the Middle East: Policies and Perspectives, ed. Adeed Dawisha and Karen Dawisha (London: Heinemann, 1982) p. 22.
N. P. Newell and R. Newell, The Struggle for Afghanistan (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981) p. 45.
Ervand Abrahamian, ‘Communism and Communalism in Iran: The Tudeh and the Firqah-i Dimukrat’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. I (1970) p. 298.
Fred Halliday, Iran: Dictatorship and Development (Harmondsworth, Middx: Penguin, 1979) p. 232.
R. Moss, The Campaign to Destabilise Iran (London: The Institute for the Study of Conflict, Nov 1978) p. 7.
Sepehr Zaluh, The Communist Movement in Iran (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1966) p. 252.
See N. Kianouri, ‘Islamic Regime is Enacting Tudeh Programme’, The Iranian, 4 July 1979, p. 10.
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© 1984 Asaf Hussain
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Hussain, A. (1984). Communism. In: Political Perspectives on the Muslim World. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17529-1_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17529-1_15
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