Abstract
Less than half of the total Iranian population of 35 million speaks Persian as a first language. Except for religion in the case of the 4 per cent of the population which is non-Muslim, language is used by Iranians as the main distinguishing feature of population groups. As the revolutionary process continues in Iran, distinctions between the Persian and the non-Persian populations, including tribal peoples, will undoubtedly have increasing political significance. Persians dominate all urban areas of central Iran and most of the plateau. Most high-level religious figures are Persians. National wealth and power are concentrated in Persian hands; the largest segment of the upper class is Persian. Persians fill most government positions, are the most highly educated and professionally trained, and are the most subject to Western influence. In addition, Persian language and culture, having been propagated from the centre, dominate the nation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Notes for Further Reading
Abdel-Fadil, M., 1975. Development, Income Distribution and Social Change in Rural Egypt. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Abdel-Fadil, M. 1980. The Political Economy of Nasserism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Abdel-Malek, A., 1968. Egypt: Military Society. New York: Random House.
Alexander, N., 1981. “Libya: the Continuous Revolution”, Middle Eastern Studies, XVII, 2. Apr.
Amin, G.A., 1980. The Modernization of Poverty: A Study in the Political Economy of Growth in Nine Arab Countries 1945–1970. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Batatu, J., 1978. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.
Cooper, M.N., 1982. The Transformation of Egypt. London: Croom Helm.
First, R., 1974. Libya. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Hagnebi, H., Machover, M., and Orr, A., 1971. “The Class Nature of Israeli Society”, New Left Review, 65. Jan-Feb.
Halliday, F., 1979. Dictatorship and Development in Iran. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Keydar, C., 1979. “The Political Economy of Turkish Democracy”, New Left Review, 115. May/June.
Lackner, H., 1978. A House Built on Sand: A Political Economy of Saudi Arabia. London: Ithaca Press.
Ozbudun, E., 1977. Social Change and Political Participation in Turkey. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP.
Schmeil, Y., 1976. “Le Système politique irakien enfin stabilisé”, Maghreb/Machrek, 74. Oct-Dec.
Class, Bureaucracy and State Power
Ayubi, N., 1980. Bureaucracy and Society in Contemporary Egypt. London: Ithaca Press.
—1982. “Bureaucratic Inflation and Administrative Inefficiency: the Deadlock in Egyptian Administration”, Middle Eastern Studies, XVIII, 3 July.
Berger, M., 1957. Bureaucracy and Society in Modern Egypt. Princeton: Princeton UP.
Binder, L., 1978. In a Moment of Enthusiasm: Political Power and the Second Stratum in Egypt. Chicago: Chicago UP.
Burgat, F. 1982. “Les nouveaux paysans algériens et l’État”, Maghreb/Machrek, 95. Jan-Mar.
Clegg, I., 1971. Workers’ Self-Management in Algeria. London: Allen Lane.
Entelis, J., 1981. “Élite Political Culture and Socialization in Algeria: Tensions and Discontinuities”, Middle East Journal, XXXV, 2. Spring.
El-Fathaly, O.I., Palmer, M., and Chackerian, R., 1977. Political Development and Bureaucracy in Libya. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
Heper, M., 1976. “The Recalcitrance of the Turkish Public Bureaucracy to ‘Bourgeois Politics’ ”, Middle East Journal, XXX-4, Autumn.
Hussein, M., 1973. Class Conflict in Egypt: 1945–1971. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Lazrag, M., 1976. “Bureaucracy and Class in Algeria”, Dialectical Anthropology, I.
Springborg, R., 1979. “Patrimonialism and Policy Making in Egypt: Nasser and Sadat and the Tenure Policy for Reclaimed Lands”, Middle Eastern Studies, XV, 1. Jan.
Tibi, B., 1979. “Trade Unions as an Organizational Form of Political Opposition in Afro-Arab States: the Case of Tunisia”, Orient, XX.
Trimberger, E.K., 1977. Revolution from Above: Military Bureaucrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt and Peru. New Brunswick: Transaction Books.
State and Tribe
Antoun, R., and Harik, I., eds., 1972. Rural Politics and Social Change in the Middle East. Bloomington: Indiana UP.
Asad, T., 1970. The Kababish Arabs. London: Hurst.
“Equality in Nomadic Social Systems?” in Pastoral Production and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Helfgott, L., 1977. “Tribalism as a Socio-Economic Formation in Iranian History”, Iranian Studies, X, 1–2.
Khoury, F.I., 1980. Tribe and State in Bahrain. Chicago: Chicago UP.
Nelson, C., ed., 1973. The Desert and the Sown: Nomads in the Wider Society. Berkeley: California UP.
Peterson, J.E., 1977. “Tribes and Politics in Eastern Arabia”, Middle East Journal, XXXI. Summer.
Seddon, D., 1981. Moroccan Peasants. Folkestone: Dawson.
Ethnic Groups and State Power
Batatu, H., 1981. “Some Observations on the Social Roots of Syria’s Ruling Military Group and the Causes for its Dominance”, Middle East Journal, XXXV, 3. Summer.
Dam, N. van, 1979. The Struggle for Power in Syria: Sectarianism, Regionalism, and Tribalism in Politics, 1961–1978. London: Croom Helm.
Entelis, J., 1979. “Ethnic Conflict and the Re-emergence of Radical Christian Nationalism in Lebanon”, Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, II, 3.
Gellner, E., and Micaud, C., eds., 1973. Arabs and Berbers. London: Duckworth.
Owen, R., ed., 1976. Essays on the Crisis in Lebanon. London: Ithaca Press.
Salibi, K.S., 1976. Crossroads to Civil War: Lebanon 1958–1976. London: Ithaca Press.
Race and Citizenship in Israel
Davis, U., and Mezvinsky, N., eds, 1975. Documents from Israel 1967–1973. London: Ithaca Press.
Jiryis, S. 1976. The Arabs in Israel. New York: Monthly Review Press.
Nakhleh, K., and Zureik, E., eds, 1980. The Sociology of the Palestinians. London: Croom Helm.
Schwarz, W., 1959. The Arabs in Israel. London: Faber & Faber.
Selzer, M. 1967. The Aryanization of the Jewish State. New York: Black Star Books.
Selzer, M. ed., 1975. The Non-Jew in the Jewish State: A Collection of Documents. Jerusalem: Professor Israel Shahak, 2 Bartenuru Street, Jerusalem, Israel.
Shahak, I. 1981. “The Jewish Religion and its Attitude to Non-Jews”, Parts I and II in Khamsin, 8 (1981); Part III in Khamsin, 9.
Tamarin, G.R. 1973. The Israeli Dilemma: Essays in a Warfare State. Rotterdam: Rotterdam UP.
Editor information
Copyright information
© 1983 Macmillan Publishers Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Beck, L. (1983). Revolutionary Iran and its Tribal Peoples. In: Asad, T., Owen, R. (eds) The Middle East. Sociology of “Developing Societies”. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17282-5_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17282-5_13
Publisher Name: Palgrave, London
Print ISBN: 978-0-333-33618-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-349-17282-5
eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)