Abstract
In this phase of development the growth process was led not by the textile industry but by the expansion of coal-mining, iron- and steel-making, railway construction, shipbuilding, and other branches of mechanical engineering, such as the manufacture of steam-engines, textile machinery, and machine tools.
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Notes and References
E. J. Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969) pp. 109–15.
Ibid, p. 116.
Ibid, p. 109.
P. Deane and W. A. Cole, British Economic Growth, 1688–1959. Trends and Structure (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969) pp. 141–4.
E. J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Capital, 1848–1875 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1975) pp. 193–207.
S. Pollard, Peaceful Conquest. The Industrialisation of Europe, 1760–1970 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1981) p. 23.
J. H. Clapham, cited by W. Smith, An Historical Introduction to the Economic Geography of Great Britain (London: G. Bell, 1968) p. 117.
R. T. Harrison, ‘Space, Time and Technology. The Case of the Shipbuilding Industry’, Paper read at the Institute of British Geographers Industrial Activity and Area Development Study Group Conference, September 1979, p. 15.
Ibid, pp. 13–16.
J. Benson, British Coalminers in the Nineteenth Century: A Social History (Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 1980) p. 6;
and A. E. Musson, The Growth of British Industry (London: Batsford, 1978) pp. 95–102 and 170–7.
Benson, British Coalminers, p. 9.
Ibid, pp. 13–17; and J. T. Coppock, ‘The Changing Face of England, 1850–circa 1900’ in H. C. Darby (ed.), A New Historical Geography, ch. 5, pp. 328–31.
A. H. John, The Industrial Development of South Wales, 1750–1850 (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1950) p. 166.
R. Samuel, ‘The Workshop of the World: Steam Power and Hand Technology in mid-Victorian Britain’, History Workshop, no. 3 (Spring 1977) pp. 6–73, p. 21.
W. Smith, An Historical Introduction to the Economic Geography of Great Britain (London: G. Bell, 1968) p. 160; and Musson, The Growth of British Industry, p. 171.
Samuel, The Workshop of the World’, p. 21.
D. Douglass, ‘The Durham Pitmen’, in R. Samuel (ed.), Miners, Quarrymen and Salt Workers (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977) part 4, pp. 207–91.
Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire, p. 116.
Samuel ‘The Workshop of the World’, p. 27; Musson, The Growth of British Industry, pp. 170–1; and Hobsbawm, Industry and Empire, p. 116.
W. Smith, Economic Geography of Great Britain, pp. 138–42.
J. Gross, A Brief History of Merthyr Tydfil (Newport: Starling Press, 1980) p. 43.
B. Elbaum and F. Wilkinson, ‘Industrial Relations and Uneven Development: A Comparative Study of the American and British Steel Industries’, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 3. no. 3 (September 1979) pp. 275–303, pp. 277–83.
J. T. Coppock, ‘The Changing Face of England, 1850–circa 1900’, in H. C. Darby (ed.), A New Historical Geography of England after 1600 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976) ch. 5, pp. 331–6.
Musson, The Growth of British Industry, p. 172.
Coppock, ‘England 1850–circa 1900’, pp. 331–6; and P. Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, in Darby (ed.), A New Historical Geography, ch. 6, pp. 397–400.
Gross, History of Merthyr Tydfil, p. 43.
D. Landes, The Unbound Prometheus. Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969) p. 228.
A. Briggs, Victorian Cities (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975) ch. 6.
Landes, The Unbound Prometheus, p. 228; Musson, The Growth of British Industry, p. 172; and Coppock, ‘England 1850–circa 1900’, pp. 336–8.
Samuel, ‘The Workshop of the World’, p. 52; F. Collis, ‘The Cutlery Trade of Sheffield’, in M. Berg (ed.), Technology and Toil in Nineteenth Century Britain (London: CSE Books, and Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1979) pp. 137–44; and Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, pp. 403–5.
Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, pp. 403–5.
Coppock, ‘England 1850–circa 1900’, pp. 338–9; and Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, p. 400.
B. Rodgers, ‘The North West and North Wales’, in G. Manners, D. Keeble, B. Rodgers and K. Warren (eds), Regional Development in Britain, 2nd edn (Chichester: John Wiley, 1980) pp. 265–6.
Coppock, ‘England 1850–circa 1900’, p. 339; and Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, p. 400.
Elbaum and Wilkinson, ‘Industrial Relations and Uneven Development’, pp. 275–83.
Landes, The Unbound Prometheus, pp. 249–69; and Elbaum and Wilkinson, ‘Industrial Relations and Uneven Development’, p. 282.
G. Stedman Jones, Outcast London. A Study in the Relationship Between Classes in Victorian Society (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971) p. 337.
S. Alexander, ‘Women’s Work in Nineteenth Century London: a Study of the Years 1820–50’, in J. Mitchell and A. Oakley (eds), The Rights and Wrongs of Women (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976) ch. 2, p. 110.
Stedman Jones, Outcast London, p. 21.
E. Aves cited in Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, p. 429.
Stedman Jones, Outcast London, pp. 140–3. See also Alexander, ‘Women’s Work in Nineteenth Century London’, pp. 66–72.
Stedman Jones, Outcast London, pp. 111–24.
Ibid, pp. 19–21.
Ibid, pp. 102–6.
Ibid, p. 21.
Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, pp. 434–6.
Stedman Jones, Outcast London, p. 26.
Ibid, p. 27.
J. L. and B. Hammond, The Skilled Labourer (London: Longman, 1979) pp. 168–80; and Stedman Jones, Outcast London, pp. 100–02.
Alexander, ‘Women’s Work in Nineteenth Century London’, p. 103.
Stedman Jones, Outcast London, pp. 22–3.
Ibid, pp. 21–50 and 99–110.
Alexander, ‘Women’s Work in Nineteenth Century London’, pp. 59–111.
Stedman Jones, Outcast London, pp. 332–6.
Stedman Jones, Outcast London, pp. 152–4.
Ibid, pp. 151–3.
G. C. Allen, British Industry and Economic Policy (London: Macmillan, 1979) chs 2, 3 and 4.
A. Friedman, Industry and Labour. Class Struggle at Work and Monopoly Capitalism (London: Macmillan, 1977) p. 116.
Allen, British Industry and Economic Policy, pp. 4–7 and chs 2, 3 and 4.
P. W. Kingsford, cited in Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, p. 409; and Allen, British Industry and Economic Policy.
Hall, ‘England circa 1900’, p. 410.
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© 1983 M. F. Dunford and D. C. Perrons
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Dunford, M., Perrons, D. (1983). The Golden Age of British Capitalism, 1845–1890s. In: The Arena of Capital. Critical Human Geography. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17107-1_14
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