Abstract
It has already been shown that Arab nationalism first emerged in Greater Syria, and that it was confined to that part of the Middle East in its early years. It originated among Syro-Lebanese intellectuals, who were primarily Christian, and who had been educated in European and American mission schools. For these nationalists, the Arab nation consisted exclusively of Arab ‘Asians’, a definition already implied in the title of a work by the early Arab nationalist Najib Azouri, La Réveil de la Nation Arabe dans l’Asie Turque.1 The first links between the ‘Asian’ Arab nationalists and Arab North Africa were established during the period of Muhammad ‘Ali’s conquest of Syria between 1831 and 1840,2 although they were disrupted by the intervention of the colonial powers, especially Britain.
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Notes
Negib Azoury, La Réreil de la Nation Arabe dans l’Asie Turque (Paris, 1905).
See H. Dodwell, The Founder of Modern Egypt, A Study of Muhammad Ali (Cambridge, 1931) passim. and Chapter 4 above.
On the Urabi Revolt, see L. Rathmann, Neue Aspekte des Arabi-Aufstandes 1879 bis 1882 in Ägypten (Berlin, 1968)
R. Tignor, ‘Some Materials for a History of the Arabi Revolution’, Middle East Journal, xvi (1962) 239–48
also B. Tibi, ‘Zum Verhältnis von Militär und kolonialem Nationalismus am Beispiel der arabischen Länder’, Sozialistische Politik, 1(1969) No. 4, 4–19.
see M. Rifaat, The Awakening of Modern Egypt (London, 1947) pp. 172 ff.
On British colonial rule in Egypt see Theodore Rothstein, Die Engländer in Ägypten Ergänzungsheft zur Neuen Zeit No. 10 (Stuttgart, 1911)
John Marlowe, Anglo-Egyptian Relations 1800–1953 (London, 1954) pp. 112 ff.
R. L. Tignor, Modernisation and British Colonial Rule in Egypt 1882–1914 (Princeton, 1966)
Walther Braune, ‘Die Entwicklung des Nationalismus bei den Arabern’, in R. Hartmann (ed.), BASI (Leipzing, 1944) pp. 425–38
See N. Safran, Egypt in Search of a Political Community, an Analysis of the Intellectual and Political Evolution of Egypt, 1804–1952 (Cambridge, Mass., 1961) pp. 62 ff.
N. Safran, J. M. Ahmed, The Intellectual Origins of Egyptian Nationalism (London, 1960).
See also E. I. J. Rosenthal, Islam in the Modern National State (Cambridge, 1965) p. 103, which presents the Muslim Brotherhood’s critique of all varieties of nationalism.
One of the Free Officers has recorded details of these contacts: see Anwar El-Sadat, Revolt on the Nile (London, 1957).
On the Free Officers, see Jean Ziegler, Politische Soziologie des neuen Afrika (Munich, 1966) pp. 216 ff. The
J. Heyworth-Dunne, Walther Braune, ‘Beiträge zur Geschichte des neuarabischen Schrifttums’, Mitteilungen des Seminars für orientalische Sprachen, xxxvi (1933) No. 2, 1117–40.
On the Wafd Party see the monograph by Zaheer M. Quraishi, Liberal Nationalism in Egypt, The Rise and Fall of the Wafd Party (Delhi, 1967)
Jacob M. Landau, Parliaments and Parties in Egypt (Tel Aviv, 1953) pp. 148 ff.
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© 1981 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Tibi, B. (1981). Pan-Arab versus Local Nationalism I: al-Husri and the Egyptian Nationalists. In: Farouk-Sluglett, M., Sluglett, P. (eds) Arab Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16459-2_9
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