Skip to main content

Part of the book series: The Making of the 20th Century ((MACE))

  • 25 Accesses

Abstract

There is now a vast number of regional and sub-regional organisations with a range of functions embracing military, economic, political and cultural co-operation. Rather than attempting to discuss all or even many of these — a task which in one chapter would produce little more than a list of names — I will confine myself here to considering briefly the history and functions of three of the more important regional organisations, together with some of their offshoots.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Pope Atkins, Latin America in the International Political System (New York, 1977) p. 308.

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Margaret Ball, The OAS in Transition (Duke University Press, 1969) P. 5.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cited ibid., p. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  4. G. Connell-Smith, The Inter-American System (London, 1966) p. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Pope Atkins, Latin America pp. 322–5.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bryce Wood, ‘The Organisation of American States’, in The Yearbook of World Affairs, 1979 (London, 1979) p. 150.

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. Connell-Smith, The Organisation of American States’, in A. Shlaim (ed.), International Organisations in World Politics, Yearbook, 1975 (London, 1976) p. 201.

    Google Scholar 

  8. In the amended Charter of 1967, which came into force in 1970, the relevant Articles are numbered 18 to 22.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cited in Connell-Smith, The Organisation of American States’, p. 207.

    Google Scholar 

  10. I. L. Claude, ‘The OAS, the UN and the United States’, International Conciliation (March 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Pope Atkins, Latin America p. 332.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Ball, The OAS in Transition pp. 471–2.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ibid., pp. 479–80.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Pope Atkins, Latin America pp. 330–1, Bryce Wood, ‘Organisation of American States’, pp. 157–9.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bryce Wood, ‘Organisation of American States’, p. 155.

    Google Scholar 

  16. For a discussion of the work of the OAS in the field of technology transfer, see E. B. Haas, ‘Technological Self-reliance for Latin America: The OAS Contribution’, International Organisation (Autumn 1980) 541–70.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bryce Wood, ‘Organisation of American States’, p. 153.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Article 1 of the revised Charter. Text in A. J. Peaslee, International Governmental Organisation, vol. I, part one (The Hague, 1974) pp. 1222–6.

    Google Scholar 

  19. See R. D. Baker, ‘Latin American Economic Integration’, in P. A. Tharp Jr (ed.), Regional International Organizations Structures and Functions (New York, 1971) pp. 239–41.

    Google Scholar 

  20. F. Parkinson, ‘International Economic Integration in Latin America and the Caribbean’, The Yearbook of World Affairs, 1977 (London, 1977) p. 255.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pope Atkins, Latin America p. 288.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Parkinson, ‘International Economic Integration’, p. 248.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ibid., p. 243.

    Google Scholar 

  25. K. J. Middlebrook, ‘Regional Organisations and Andean Economic Integration, 1969–1975’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. XVII, no. 1 (September 1978) 78–80.

    Google Scholar 

  26. E. S. Milenky, The Cartagena Agreement in Transition’, The Yearbook of World Affairs, 1979 (London, 1979) p. 168.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Parkinson, ‘International Economic Integration’, p. 249.

    Google Scholar 

  29. R. Vargas-Hidalgo, The Crisis of the Andean Pact: Lessons for Integration among Developing Countries’, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. XVII, no. 3. (March 1979) 213–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Milenky, ‘The Cartagena Agreement’, p. 177.

    Google Scholar 

  31. I. Wallerstein, Africa: The Politics of Unity (New York, 1967) p. 7.

    Google Scholar 

  32. I. Wallerstein, ‘The Early Years of the OAU’, International Organisation (Autumn 1966) 775.

    Google Scholar 

  33. N. J. Padelford, ‘The Organisation of African Unity’, International Organisation (Summer 1964) 526.

    Google Scholar 

  34. J. Mayall, ‘African Unity and the OAU: The Place of a Political Myth in African Diplomacy’, The Yearbook of World Affairs, 1973 (London, 1973) p. 120.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Cited in Peaslee, International Governmental Organisation, vol. 2 (1974) p. 1166.

    Google Scholar 

  36. S. Touval, ‘The Organisation of African Unity and African Borders’, International Organisation (Autumn 1967) 124.

    Google Scholar 

  37. M. Wolfers, Politics in the Organization of African Unity (London, 1976) pp. 46–8.

    Google Scholar 

  38. On the history of this dispute and the OAU’s role see P. B. Wild, ‘The Organisation of African Unity and the Algeria-Morocco Border Conflict’, In ter-national Organisation (1966) pp. 18–36.

    Google Scholar 

  39. B. D. Meyers, ‘Intraregional Conflict Management by the OAU’, International Organisation (Summer 1974) 358–9.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Ibid., 356–7.

    Google Scholar 

  41. For details of the OAU’s response to the Biafran crisis, see Z. Cervenka, The OAU and the Nigerian Civil War’, in Y. El-Ayouty (ed.), The Organisation of African Unity after Ten Years (New York, 1976) pp. 152–73.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ibid., pp. 165–6.

    Google Scholar 

  44. L. T. Kapungu, ‘The OAU’s Support for the Liberation of Southern Africa’, ibid., p. 136.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Wolfers, Politics in the OAU p. 189.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Kapungu, ‘The OAU’s Support’, p. 144.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Ibid., pp. 138–9.

    Google Scholar 

  48. C. Legum, ‘The Organisation of African Unity: Success or Failure?’, International Affairs (April 1975) 216.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Ibid., 217.

    Google Scholar 

  50. For a discussion of the work of the OAU’s specialised commissions, see Wolfers, Politics in the OAU pp. 91–119.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Meyers, ‘Intraregional Conflict Management by the OAU’, p. 369.

    Google Scholar 

  52. O. J. B. Ojo, ‘Nigeria and the Formation of ECOWAS’, International Organisation (Autumn 1980) 571–604.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Cited in T. O. Elias, ‘The Economic Community of West Africa’, in The Yearbook of World Affairs, 1978 (London, 1978) p. 103.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ibid., p. 104.

    Google Scholar 

  55. On the history of ASA, see B. K. Gordon, The Dimensions of Conflict in South-east Asia (New Jersey, 1966) pp. 162–87.

    Google Scholar 

  56. For a discussion of the different attitudes towards regional security, see S. W. Simon, ‘The ASEAN States: Obstacles to Security Cooperation’, Orbis (Summer 1978) 415–34.

    Google Scholar 

  57. J. M. van der Kroef, ‘ASEAN’s Security Needs and Policies’, Pacific Affairs (Summer 1974).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Shee Poon-Kim, ‘A Decade of ASEAN, 1967–1977’, Asian Survey (August 1977) p. 758.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Ibid., p. 761.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Far Eastern Economic Review (21 November 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Asian Recorder (1–7 April 1976) p. 13,089.

    Google Scholar 

  63. The Observer (13 September 1981) p. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Far Eastern Economic Review (18 February 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Far Eastern Economic Review (19 August 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Asian Recorder (10–16 December 1979).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 1982 David Armstrong

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Armstrong, D. (1982). Regional Organisation outside Europe. In: The Rise of the International Organisation: A Short History. The Making of the 20th Century. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16010-5_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics