Abstract
One of the crucial developments of recent years within the international Communist movement is the growth of obvious public tension between the Soviet Union and alternately the PCE, PCI, PCF, the CPGB, as well as several other small parties. This apparent developing polycentrism is one of the main pillars on which the edifice of ‘Eurocommunism’ has been built. It has given rise to the view that the European parties are basically independent of the Soviet Union and that their increased strength or entry into government could even be a net liability for the Soviet bloc.
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Notes
Eric Hobsbawm, The Italian Road to Socialism: An Interview with Giorgio Napolitano of the Italian Communist Party (New York: Lawrence Hill and Co., 1977), p. 87 (parentheses added).
Don Sassoon, ed., The Italian Communists Speak For Themselves (Nottingham: Spokesman, 1978), p. 79.
Todor Zhivkov, ‘Year of Peace, Year of Struggle’, World Marxist Review, Prague/Toronto, December, 1976, p. 11.
Corriere della Sera, Milan, May 30, 1976. Also see George Urban, ‘Communism With An Italian Face? A Conversation With Lucio Lombardo Radice’, Encounter, May, 1977, pp. 10, 13, 16.
Santiago Carrillo, ‘Eurocommunism’ and the State (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1977), p. 60.
The Communist Party of Great Britain, The British Road to Socialism-Pro-gramme of the Communist Party, London, 1978, p. 43.
This caused something of a sensation. Berlinguer’s remarks were not reported in the Communist press and the PCI leader went to some trouble to avoid giving the impression that the PCI needed NATO for its own protection. See Michael A. Ledeen, Italy in Crisis, The Washington Papers, Vol. 5, No. 43 (Beverly Hills, Cal.: Sage Publications, 1977), p. 46.
Enrico Berlinguer, ‘Por un Governo di Svolta Democratica’, Rome, 1972, p. 30, cited in Neil McInnes, The Communist Parties of Western Europe (London: Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 187. 22. Arrigo Levi, ‘Berlinguer’s Communism’, Survey, London, Summer, 1972, p. 9.
Enrico Berlinguer, ‘Por un Governo di Svolta Democratica’, Rome, 1972, p. 30, cited in Neil McInnes, The Communist Parties of Western Europe (London: Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 187.
Arrigo Levi, ‘Berlinguer’s Communism’, Survey, London, Summer, 1972, p. 9.
See, for example, Giuseppe Are, ‘Italy’s Communists: Foreign and Defense Policies’, Survival, September–October, 1976.
One of the best illustrations of European-Soviet Communist co-operation can be found in the international labour movement. The French Communist-controlled CGT, for example, runs a training programme jointly with the Soviet-controlled WFTU. See Roy Godson, The Kremlin and Labor (New York: Crane, Russak and Co., Inc., 1977), especially p. 31.
The best study of a Communist party’s finances has been written by Jean Montaldo, in Les Finances Du P.C.F. (Paris: Albin Michel, 1977).
See Roy Godson, American Labor and European Politics (New York: Crane, Russak & Co., Inc., 1976), p. 82.
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Godson, R., Haseler, S. (1978). The Communist Parties and the International Balance. In: ‘Eurocommunism’. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15934-5_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15934-5_4
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