Abstract
The case studies in social policy described in previous chapters were at once a part of and a response to the social philosophy which emerged in the first half of the nineteenth century. Inevitably such an explosive social change as the Industrial Revolution was accompanied by new ideas in economic and social affairs. Men sought to understand what had happened and to find a rationale for the new society created by economic change. Industrial capitalism came to be justified by the so-called ‘political economy’ of a group of thinkers known collectively as the ‘classical economists’. The demonstration of the general principles of economic theory which explained the role of capital and free competition (the essential elements of the new society) crystallised into a laissez-faire synthesis. The nature of behaviour in human society was closely related to the economic role performed, and so ideas about the structure and function of society emerged as a social equivalent or adjunct of economic theory.
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Notes and References
Quoted by H. Perkin, The Origins of Modern English Society, 5780–5880 (1969) p. 227.
W. L. Burn, The Age of Equipoise (1964) p. 8.
Quoted by F. B. Smith, The Making of the Second Reform Bill (1966) p. 11.
E. Halévy, The Growth of Philosophical Radicalism (1928).
J. B. Brebner ’Laissez-faire and State Intervention in Nineteenth-Century Britain’, Journal of Economic History supplement, VIII (1948) 59–73.
O. MacDonagh, ‘The Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Government: A Reappraisal’, Historical Journal, I (1958) 52–67; The Passenger Acts: A Pattern of Governmental Growth (1961).
D. Roberts, Victorian Origins of the British Welfare State (New Haven, 1968 ).
H. Parris, ‘The Nineteenth-Century Revolution in Government: A Reappraisal Reappraised’, Historical Journal, III (1960) 17–37.
W. C. Lubenow, The Politics of Government Growth (1971).
J. S. Mill, Considerations on Representative Government (1912 ed.) p. 377.
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© 1973 Derek Fraser
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Fraser, D. (1973). Laissez-faire and State Intervention in the mid-Nineteenth Century. In: The Evolution of the British Welfare State. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15494-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-15494-4_6
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